What do systematic reviews say?

Psychological intervention based on a specified psychological model/theory (to increase adherence to oral hygiene instructions) vs usual care or no treatment

• Psychological interventions to improve adherence to oral hygiene instructions in adults with periodontal diseases 2007 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Self assessed brushing was assessed in two studies (Little 1997; Stewart 1991); both found the intervention groups reported improved brushing. Little 1997: Analysis of Covariance found significant differences favouring…
  2 studies
  GRADE not reported

Summary of findings: Additional exercise plus physiotherapy vs usual physiotherapy

• Interventions for preventing falls in older people in care facilities and hospitals 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 215 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings: Additional exercise plus physiotherapy vs usual physiotherapy

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings: Additional exercise plus physiotherapy changes risk of falling Length of compared with usual physiotherapy (very low certainty).

• Interventions for preventing falls in older people in care facilities and hospitals 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.36 [0.14, 0.93]
  2 studies · 83 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings: Additional exercise plus physiotherapy vs usual physiotherapy

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for preventing falls in older people in care facilities and hospitals 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Summary of findings: Additional exercise plus physiotherapy vs usual physiotherapy

• Interventions for preventing falls in older people in care facilities and hospitals 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 161 participants
  Very low

Any anti‐osteoporotic drugs vs placebo

Any anti‐osteoporotic drugs may leads to lower vertebral fracture by radiography compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Pharmacological interventions versus placebo, no treatment or usual care for osteoporosis in people with chronic… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.52 [0.39, 0.69]
  5 studies · 9054 participants
  Low

Raloxifene vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Pharmacological interventions versus placebo, no treatment or usual care for osteoporosis in people with chronic… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Raloxifene vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether raloxifene changes clinical fracture compared with placebo (very low certainty).

• Pharmacological interventions versus placebo, no treatment or usual care for osteoporosis in people with chronic… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.33 [0.01, 7.87]
  1 study · 60 participants
  Very low

Raloxifene vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether raloxifene changes mean change in BMD of the femoral neck compared with placebo (very low certainty).

• Pharmacological interventions versus placebo, no treatment or usual care for osteoporosis in people with chronic… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  MD 0.01 [0, 0.02]
  2 studies · 110 participants
  Very low

Raloxifene vs placebo

Raloxifene may leads to higher mean change in BMD of the lumbar spine compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Pharmacological interventions versus placebo, no treatment or usual care for osteoporosis in people with chronic… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  MD 0.03 [0.03, 0.04]
  2 studies · 110 participants
  Low

Raloxifene vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Pharmacological interventions versus placebo, no treatment or usual care for osteoporosis in people with chronic… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Raloxifene vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Pharmacological interventions versus placebo, no treatment or usual care for osteoporosis in people with chronic… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Raloxifene vs placebo

• Pharmacological interventions versus placebo, no treatment or usual care for osteoporosis in people with chronic… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 110 participants
  Very low

Raloxifene vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether raloxifene changes death compared with placebo (very low certainty).

• Pharmacological interventions versus placebo, no treatment or usual care for osteoporosis in people with chronic… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1
  2 studies · 110 participants
  Very low

Raloxifene vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Pharmacological interventions versus placebo, no treatment or usual care for osteoporosis in people with chronic… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Any anti‐osteoporotic drugs vs placebo

Any anti‐osteoporotic drugs showed no clear difference in clinical fracture compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Pharmacological interventions versus placebo, no treatment or usual care for osteoporosis in people with chronic… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.91 [0.79, 1.05]
  4 studies · 5827 participants
  Moderate

Any anti‐osteoporotic drugs vs placebo

• Pharmacological interventions versus placebo, no treatment or usual care for osteoporosis in people with chronic… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 6081 participants
  Very low

Any anti‐osteoporotic drugs vs placebo

• Pharmacological interventions versus placebo, no treatment or usual care for osteoporosis in people with chronic… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 9054 participants
  Very low

Any anti‐osteoporotic drugs vs placebo

• Pharmacological interventions versus placebo, no treatment or usual care for osteoporosis in people with chronic… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 3998 participants
  Very low

Any anti‐osteoporotic drugs vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Pharmacological interventions versus placebo, no treatment or usual care for osteoporosis in people with chronic… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found