What do systematic reviews say?

Combined continuous hormone therapy (HT) vs placebo

Combined continuous hormone therapy (HT) probably leads to higher coronary events (MI or cardiac death) compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Long‐term hormone therapy for perimenopausal and postmenopausal women 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.89 [1.15, 3.1]
  2 studies · 20993 participants
  Moderate

Oestrogen therapy alone vs placebo

Oestrogen‐only hormone therapy (HT) probably leads to higher venous thromboembolism (DVT or PE) compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Long‐term hormone therapy for perimenopausal and postmenopausal women 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.22 [1.12, 4.39]
  1 study · 10739 participants
  Moderate

Oestrogen therapy alone vs placebo

Oestrogen‐only hormone therapy (HT) showed no clear difference in venous thromboembolism (DVT or PE): CEE 0.625 mg (moderate dose) compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Long‐term hormone therapy for perimenopausal and postmenopausal women 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.32 [1, 1.74]
  1 study · 10739 participants
  Moderate

Oestrogen therapy alone vs placebo

Oestrogen‐only hormone therapy (HT) showed no clear difference in breast cancer compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Long‐term hormone therapy for perimenopausal and postmenopausal women 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.79 [0.61, 1.01]
  1 study · 10739 participants
  Moderate

Oestrogen therapy alone vs placebo

Oestrogen‐only hormone therapy (HT) probably leads to higher gallbladder disease compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Long‐term hormone therapy for perimenopausal and postmenopausal women 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.78 [1.42, 2.24]
  1 study · 8376 participants
  Moderate

Oestrogen therapy alone vs placebo

Oestrogen‐only hormone therapy (HT) probably leads to lower all clinical fractures compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Long‐term hormone therapy for perimenopausal and postmenopausal women 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.73 [0.65, 0.8]
  1 study · 10739 participants
  Moderate

Combined continuous hormone therapy (HT) vs placebo

Combined continuous hormone therapy (HT) probably leads to higher stroke compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Long‐term hormone therapy for perimenopausal and postmenopausal women 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 146 [1.02, 2.09]
  2 studies · 17585 participants
  Moderate

Combined continuous hormone therapy (HT) vs placebo

Combined continuous hormone therapy (HT) probably leads to higher venous thromboembolism (DVT or PE) compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Long‐term hormone therapy for perimenopausal and postmenopausal women 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 4.28 [2.49, 7.34]
  2 studies · 20993 participants
  Moderate

Combined continuous hormone therapy (HT) vs placebo

Combined continuous hormone therapy (HT) probably leads to higher breast cancer compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Long‐term hormone therapy for perimenopausal and postmenopausal women 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.27 [1.03, 1.56]
  1 study · 16608 participants
  Moderate

Combined continuous hormone therapy (HT) vs placebo

Combined continuous hormone therapy (HT) probably leads to higher death from lung cancer compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Long‐term hormone therapy for perimenopausal and postmenopausal women 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.74 [1.18, 2.55]
  1 study · 16608 participants
  Moderate

Combined continuous hormone therapy (HT) vs placebo

Combined continuous hormone therapy (HT) probably leads to higher gallbladder disease compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Long‐term hormone therapy for perimenopausal and postmenopausal women 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.64 [1.3, 2.06]
  1 study · 14203 participants
  Moderate

Combined continuous hormone therapy (HT) vs placebo

Combined continuous hormone therapy (HT) probably leads to lower all clinical fractures compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Long‐term hormone therapy for perimenopausal and postmenopausal women 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.78 [0.71, 0.86]
  1 study · 16608 participants
  Moderate

Oestrogen therapy alone vs placebo

Oestrogen‐only hormone therapy (HT) showed no clear difference in coronary events (MI or cardiac death) compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Long‐term hormone therapy for perimenopausal and postmenopausal women 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.94 [0.78, 1.13]
  1 study · 10739 participants
  Moderate

Oestrogen therapy alone vs placebo

Oestrogen‐only hormone therapy (HT) probably leads to higher stroke compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Long‐term hormone therapy for perimenopausal and postmenopausal women 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.33 [1.06, 1.67]
  1 study · 10739 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

• Shared care across the interface between primary and specialty care in management of long term conditions 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  16 studies · 6977 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

• Shared care across the interface between primary and specialty care in management of long term conditions 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  18 studies · 6243 participants
  High

Intervention not reported

• Shared care across the interface between primary and specialty care in management of long term conditions 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  18 studies · 8698 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

• Shared care across the interface between primary and specialty care in management of long term conditions 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  9 studies · 2396 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

• Shared care across the interface between primary and specialty care in management of long term conditions 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  26 studies · 13088 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

• Shared care across the interface between primary and specialty care in management of long term conditions 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  7 studies · 1639 participants
  Moderate