Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

2,447 questions · 2,590 findings · 266 reviews

No studies found 699 · 27%GRADE not reported 289 · 11.2%Very low 614 · 23.7%Low 605 · 23.4%Moderate 322 · 12.4%High 61 · 2.4%

PFMT added to bladder training vs bladder training alone

Number of women requiring further treatment such as surgery, drugs, mechanical devices (relapse) ‐ not reported · women with urinary incontinence

It is very uncertain whether PFMT added to bladder training changes number of women requiring further treatment such as surgery, drugs,… compared with bladder training alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

PFMT added to electrical stimulation vs electrical stimulation alone (excluding implanted electrodes)

Number of women cured · women with urinary incontinence

It is very uncertain whether PFMT added to electrical stimulation changes number of women cured compared with electrical stimulation alone (excluding implanted electrodes) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

PFMT added to electrical stimulation vs electrical stimulation alone (excluding implanted electrodes)

Number of women reporting incontinence at 1 year or more after treatment (subjective) ‐ not reported · women with urinary incontinence

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

PFMT added to electrical stimulation vs electrical stimulation alone (excluding implanted electrodes)

General health status evaluation e.g. Short Form (SF)‐36 ‐ not reported · women with urinary incontinence

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

PFMT added to electrical stimulation vs electrical stimulation alone (excluding implanted electrodes)

Number of women requiring further treatment such as surgery, drugs, mechanical devices (relapse) ‐ not reported · women with urinary incontinence

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

PFMT added to vaginal cones vs vaginal cones alone

Objective measure of urine leakage (pad test) · women with urinary incontinence

It is very uncertain whether PFMT added to vaginal cones changes objective measure of urine leakage (pad test) compared with vaginal cones alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review