Gap finder
Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
759 questions in 57 reviews · Colorectal
current versionsNo studies 91 · 12%Ungraded 12 · 1.6%Very low 209 · 27.5%Low 229 · 30.2%Moderate 160 · 21.1%High 58 · 7.6%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Intervention NR Tumour response rate · people with metastatic colorectal cancer, not selected by KRAS status Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors for metastatic colorectal cancer (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 99 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Grade 3 to 4 rash · people with metastatic colorectal cancer ‐ KRAS exon 2 WT Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors for metastatic colorectal cancer (2017) · Cochrane | OR 23.42 [13.22, 41.49] | 7 studies · 2909 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Overall grade 3 to 4 toxicity · people with metastatic colorectal cancer, not selected by KRAS status Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors for metastatic colorectal cancer (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 99 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Grade 3 to 4 diarrhoea · people with metastatic colorectal cancer, not selected by KRAS status Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors for metastatic colorectal cancer (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 181 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Grade 3 to 4 rash · people with metastatic colorectal cancer, not selected by KRAS status Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors for metastatic colorectal cancer (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 99 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Grade 3 to 4 neutropenia · people with metastatic colorectal cancer, not selected by KRAS status Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors for metastatic colorectal cancer (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 99 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Quality of life · people with metastatic colorectal cancer, not selected by KRAS status Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors for metastatic colorectal cancer (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Progression‐free survival · people with metastatic colorectal cancer Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors for metastatic colorectal cancer (2017) · Cochrane | HR 1.04 [0.83, 1.29] | 6 studies · 1571 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Overall survival · people with metastatic colorectal cancer Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors for metastatic colorectal cancer (2017) · Cochrane | HR 1 [0.69, 1.47] | 5 studies · 1257 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Tumour response rate · people with metastatic colorectal cancer Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors for metastatic colorectal cancer (2017) · Cochrane | OR 1.2 [0.67, 2.12] | 4 studies · 1310 participants | Very low |
Intervention NR Overall grade 3 to 4 toxicity · people with metastatic colorectal cancer Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors for metastatic colorectal cancer (2017) · Cochrane | OR 2.57 [1.45, 4.57] | 3 studies · 1831 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Grade 3 to 4 diarrhoea · people with metastatic colorectal cancer Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors for metastatic colorectal cancer (2017) · Cochrane | OR 2.58 [1.44, 4.64] | 5 studies · 2434 participants | Low |
Intervention NR Grade 3 to 4 neutropenia · people with metastatic colorectal cancer ‐ KRAS exon 2 WT Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors for metastatic colorectal cancer (2017) · Cochrane | OR 1.22 [0.93, 1.61] | 6 studies · 2666 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Grade 3 to 4 rash · people with metastatic colorectal cancer Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors for metastatic colorectal cancer (2017) · Cochrane | OR 67.52 [30.83, 147.85] | 4 studies · 2363 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Grade 3 to 4 neutropenia · people with metastatic colorectal cancer Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors for metastatic colorectal cancer (2017) · Cochrane | OR 0.97 [0.73, 1.29] | 2 studies · 1187 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Quality of life · people with metastatic colorectal cancer Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors for metastatic colorectal cancer (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Intervention NR Quality of life · people with metastatic colorectal cancer ‐ KRAS exon 2 WT Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors for metastatic colorectal cancer (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 5 studies · 2258 participants | Moderate |
Intervention NR Progression‐free survival · people with metastatic colorectal cancer ‐ KRAS exon 2 MT Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors for metastatic colorectal cancer (2017) · Cochrane | HR 1.03 [0.89, 1.2] | 8 studies · 2567 participants | Moderate |
Oral vs intravenous fluoropyrimidines Disease‐free survival · Patients treated with curative intent for colorectal cancer with neoadjuvant and/or adjuvant chemotherapy Oral versus intravenous fluoropyrimidines for colorectal cancer (2017) · Cochrane | HR 0.93 [0.87, 1] | 7 studies · 8903 participants | Moderate |
Oral vs intravenous fluoropyrimidines Grade ≥ 3 neutropenia/granulocytopenia · Patients treated with palliative intent for inoperable advanced or metastatic colorectal cancer with chemotherapy Oral versus intravenous fluoropyrimidines for colorectal cancer (2017) · Cochrane | OR 0.17 [0.15, 0.18] | 29 studies · 11794 participants | Low |
Oral vs intravenous fluoropyrimidines Overall survival · Patients treated with curative intent for colorectal cancer with neoadjuvant and/or adjuvant chemotherapy Oral versus intravenous fluoropyrimidines for colorectal cancer (2017) · Cochrane | HR 0.92 [0.84, 1] | 7 studies · 8902 participants | High |
Oral vs intravenous fluoropyrimidines Grade ≥ 3 diarrhoea · Patients treated with curative intent for colorectal cancer with neoadjuvant and/or adjuvant chemotherapy Oral versus intravenous fluoropyrimidines for colorectal cancer (2017) · Cochrane | OR 1.12 [0.99, 1.25] | 9 studies · 9551 participants | Very low |
Oral vs intravenous fluoropyrimidines Grade ≥ 3 hand foot syndrome · Patients treated with curative intent for colorectal cancer with neoadjuvant and/or adjuvant chemotherapy Oral versus intravenous fluoropyrimidines for colorectal cancer (2017) · Cochrane | OR 4.59 [2.97, 7.1] | 5 studies · 5731 participants | Low |
Oral vs intravenous fluoropyrimidines Grade ≥ 3 neutropenia/granulocytopenia · Patients treated with curative intent for colorectal cancer with neoadjuvant and/or adjuvant chemotherapy Oral versus intravenous fluoropyrimidines for colorectal cancer (2017) · Cochrane | OR 0.14 [0.11, 0.16] | 7 studies · 8087 participants | Moderate |
Oral vs intravenous fluoropyrimidines Progression‐free survival · Patients treated with palliative intent for inoperable advanced or metastatic colorectal cancer with chemotherapy Oral versus intravenous fluoropyrimidines for colorectal cancer (2017) · Cochrane | HR 1.06 [1.02, 1.11] | 23 studies · 9927 participants | Moderate |
Oral vs intravenous fluoropyrimidines Overall survival · Patients treated with palliative intent for inoperable advanced or metastatic colorectal cancer with chemotherapy Oral versus intravenous fluoropyrimidines for colorectal cancer (2017) · Cochrane | HR 1.02 [0.99, 1.05] | 29 studies · 12079 participants | High |
Oral vs intravenous fluoropyrimidines Grade ≥ 3 diarrhoea · Patients treated with palliative intent for inoperable advanced or metastatic colorectal cancer with chemotherapy Oral versus intravenous fluoropyrimidines for colorectal cancer (2017) · Cochrane | OR 1.66 [1.5, 1.84] | 30 studies · 11997 participants | Low |
Oral vs intravenous fluoropyrimidines Grade ≥ 3 hand foot syndrome · Patients treated with palliative intent for inoperable advanced or metastatic colorectal cancer with chemotherapy Oral versus intravenous fluoropyrimidines for colorectal cancer (2017) · Cochrane | OR 3.92 [2.84, 5.43] | 18 studies · 6481 participants | Moderate |
Laparoscopic vs open surgery Mean hospital stay · patients with sigmoid diverticulitis Laparoscopic versus open resection for sigmoid diverticulitis (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 360 participants | Low |
Laparoscopic vs open surgery Intraoperative blood loss (mL) · patients with sigmoid diverticulitis Laparoscopic versus open resection for sigmoid diverticulitis (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 104 participants | Very low |
Laparoscopic vs open surgery Postoperative pain (at day 4) · patients with sigmoid diverticulitis Laparoscopic versus open resection for sigmoid diverticulitis (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 250 participants | Very low |
Laparoscopic vs open surgery Postoperative time to liquid diets (days) · patients with sigmoid diverticulitis Laparoscopic versus open resection for sigmoid diverticulitis (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 247 participants | Very low |
Laparoscopic vs open surgery Postoperative time to solid diets (days) · patients with sigmoid diverticulitis Laparoscopic versus open resection for sigmoid diverticulitis (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 247 participants | Very low |
Laparoscopic vs open surgery Reoperation rate due to anastomotic leak ( · patients with sigmoid diverticulitis Laparoscopic versus open resection for sigmoid diverticulitis (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.75 [0.29, 1.95] | 3 studies · 349 participants | Low |
Laparoscopic vs open surgery Anastomotic stricture ( · patients with sigmoid diverticulitis Laparoscopic versus open resection for sigmoid diverticulitis (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1 [0.06, 15.57] | 1 study · 104 participants | Very low |
Laparoscopic vs open surgery Small‐bowel obstruction ( · patients with sigmoid diverticulitis Laparoscopic versus open resection for sigmoid diverticulitis (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.25 [0.03, 2.16] | 1 study · 104 participants | Very low |
Laparoscopic vs open surgery Quality of life Scales used: (1) SF‐36 questionnaire; (2) Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index score; (3) EORTC QLQ‐C30 ( · patients with sigmoid diverticulitis Laparoscopic versus open resection for sigmoid diverticulitis (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2011 participants | Low |
Laparoscopic vs open surgery Recurrent diverticulitis rate ( · patients with sigmoid diverticulitis Laparoscopic versus open resection for sigmoid diverticulitis (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2010 participants | Very low |
Laparoscopic vs open surgery 30‐Day postoperative mortality · patients with sigmoid diverticulitis Laparoscopic versus open resection for sigmoid diverticulitis (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.24 [0.03, 2.07] | 3 studies · 360 participants | Low |
Laparoscopic vs open surgery Overall surgical complications ( · patients with sigmoid diverticulitis Laparoscopic versus open resection for sigmoid diverticulitis (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.84 [0.6, 1.19] | 3 studies · 360 participants | Low |
Laparoscopic vs open surgery Early overall morbidity (30 postoperative days) · patients with sigmoid diverticulitis Laparoscopic versus open resection for sigmoid diverticulitis (2017) · Cochrane | RR 1.46 [0.51, 4.2] | 1 study · 113 participants | Very low |
Laparoscopic vs open surgery Late overall morbidity (after the first 30 postoperative days: within 6 months) · patients with sigmoid diverticulitis Laparoscopic versus open resection for sigmoid diverticulitis (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.6 [0.26, 1.38] | 1 study · 93 participants | Very low |
Laparoscopic vs open surgery Late overall mortality (after the first 30 postoperative days) · patients with sigmoid diverticulitis Laparoscopic versus open resection for sigmoid diverticulitis (2017) · Cochrane | RR 2.04 [0.19, 21.77] | 1 study · 93 participants | Very low |
Laparoscopic vs open surgery Major complications ( · patients with sigmoid diverticulitis Laparoscopic versus open resection for sigmoid diverticulitis (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.74 [0.43, 1.25] | 3 studies · 360 participants | Low |
Laparoscopic vs open surgery Minor complications ( · patients with sigmoid diverticulitis Laparoscopic versus open resection for sigmoid diverticulitis (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 360 participants | Very low |
Laparoscopic vs open surgery Operative time (minutes) · patients with sigmoid diverticulitis Laparoscopic versus open resection for sigmoid diverticulitis (2017) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 3 studies · 360 participants | Low |
5‐ASA vs control (all trials) Recurrence of diverticulitis · patients with the need for management of diverticulitis Mesalamine (5‐ASA) for the prevention of recurrent diverticulitis (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.69 [0.43, 1.09] | 7 studies · 1805 participants | Very low |
5‐ASA vs control (all trials) Number of participants with adverse events (epigastric pain, nausea, diarrhoea) · patients with the need for management of diverticulitis Mesalamine (5‐ASA) for the prevention of recurrent diverticulitis (2017) · Cochrane | RR 0.98 [0.91, 1.06] | 5 studies · 1421 participants | Moderate |
Glue vs suture Chronic pain · patients with recurrence and pain in Lichtenstein inguinal hernioplasty Mesh fixation with glue versus suture for chronic pain and recurrence in Lichtenstein inguinal hernioplasty (2017) · Cochrane | OR 0.63 [0.44, 0.91] | 10 studies · 1473 participants | Low |
Glue vs suture Hernia recurrence · patients with recurrence and pain in Lichtenstein inguinal hernioplasty Mesh fixation with glue versus suture for chronic pain and recurrence in Lichtenstein inguinal hernioplasty (2017) · Cochrane | OR 1.44 [0.63, 3.28] | 12 studies · 1987 participants | Low |