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What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

324 questions · 328 findings · 34 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 82 · 25%GRADE not reported 8 · 2.4%Very low 75 · 22.9%Low 105 · 32%Moderate 45 · 13.7%High 13 · 4%

Tramadol vs NSAIDs

Number of participants reporting an adverse event · patients with osteoarthritis

Tramadol alone probably leads to higher number of participants experiencing any adverse event compared with NSAIDs (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Tramadol vs NSAIDs

Withdrawals due to adverse events · patients with osteoarthritis

Tramadol alone may leads to higher number of participants who withdrew due to adverse events compared with NSAIDs (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Tramadol vs NSAIDs

Number of participants experiencing any serious adverse events · patients with osteoarthritis

It is very uncertain whether tramadol alone changes number of participants experiencing any serious adverse events compared with NSAIDs (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Tramadol in combination with acetaminophen vs NSAIDs

Number of participants reporting an adverse event · patients with osteoarthritis

Tramadol in combination with acetaminophen showed no clear difference in number of participants experiencing any adverse event compared with NSAIDs (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture vs NSAIDs

Outcomesa · patients with hip osteoarthritis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture vs NSAIDs

Pain (short term) WOMAC scale from 0 to 20 points (higher is worse pain). · patients with hip osteoarthritis
1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture vs NSAIDs

Function (short‐term) Harris function score from: 0 to 47 (higher is better function). · patients with hip osteoarthritis
1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture vs NSAIDs

Quality of life · patients with hip osteoarthritis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture vs NSAIDs

Number of participants reporting an adverse event · patients with hip osteoarthritis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Acupuncture vs NSAIDs

Withdrawals due to adverse events · patients with hip osteoarthritis

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review