Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

4,721 questions · 19,640 findings · 2,039 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 3,754 · 19.1%GRADE not reported 1,273 · 6.5%Very low 4,859 · 24.7%Low 5,568 · 28.4%Moderate 3,240 · 16.5%High 946 · 4.8%

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Prophylactic CPAP vs mechanical ventilation

Failed treatment defined as the need for mechanical ventilation · preterm infants

Prophylactic CPAP probably leads to lower failed treatment defined as the need for mechanical ventilation compared with mechanical ventilation (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic or very early initiation of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for preterm infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.49 [0.45, 0.54]
2 studies · 1042 participants
Moderate

Prophylactic CPAP vs mechanical ventilation

Pulmonary air leak defined as pneumothorax · preterm infants

Prophylactic CPAP showed no clear difference in pulmonary air leak defined as pneumothorax compared with mechanical ventilation (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic or very early initiation of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for preterm infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.24 [0.91, 1.69]
3 studies · 2357 participants
Low

Prophylactic CPAP vs mechanical ventilation

Intraventricular haemorrhage, Papile grade 3/4 · preterm infants

Prophylactic CPAP showed no clear difference in intraventricular haemorrhage grade 3 or 4 compared with mechanical ventilation (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic or very early initiation of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for preterm infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.09 [0.86, 1.39]
3 studies · 2301 participants
Moderate

Prophylactic CPAP vs mechanical ventilation

Neurodevelopmental impairment at 18 to 22 months · preterm infants

Prophylactic CPAP showed no clear difference in neurodevelopmental impairment defined as cerebral palsy,… compared with mechanical ventilation (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic or very early initiation of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for preterm infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.91 [0.62, 1.32]
1 study · 976 participants
Moderate

Prophylactic CPAP vs very early CPAP

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 28 days · preterm infants

It is very uncertain whether prophylactic CPAP changes bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 28 days compared with very early CPAP (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic or very early initiation of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for preterm infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.5 [0.05, 5.27]
1 study · 72 participants
Very low

Prophylactic CPAP vs very early CPAP

Failed Treatment · preterm infants

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic or very early initiation of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for preterm infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Prophylactic CPAP vs very early CPAP

Death at any time (by 28 days) · preterm infants

It is very uncertain whether prophylactic CPAP changes death at any time (by 28 days) compared with very early CPAP (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic or very early initiation of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for preterm infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.75 [0.29, 1.94]
1 study · 72 participants
Very low

Prophylactic CPAP vs very early CPAP

Death or bronchopulmonary dysplasia · preterm infants

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic or very early initiation of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for preterm infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Prophylactic CPAP vs very early CPAP

Pulmonary air leak · preterm infants

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic or very early initiation of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for preterm infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
72 participants
GRADE not reported

Prophylactic or very early CPAP vs supportive care

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks defined as oxygen dependency at 36 weeks postmenstrual age · preterm infants

Prophylactic or very early CPAP showed no clear difference in bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks defined as oxygen dependency… compared with supportive care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic or very early initiation of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for preterm infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.76 [0.51, 1.14]
3 studies · 683 participants
Moderate

Prophylactic CPAP vs very early CPAP

Intraventricular haemorrhage, Papile grade 3/4 · preterm infants

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic or very early initiation of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for preterm infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Prophylactic CPAP vs very early CPAP

Neurodevelopmental disability · preterm infants

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic or very early initiation of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for preterm infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Prophylactic or very early CPAP vs supportive care

Death at any time · preterm infants

Prophylactic or very early CPAP showed no clear difference in death at any time compared with supportive care (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic or very early initiation of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for preterm infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.04 [0.56, 1.93]
4 studies · 765 participants
Moderate

Prophylactic or very early CPAP vs supportive care

Death or oxygen requirement at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age · preterm infants

Prophylactic or very early CPAP showed no clear difference in combined outcome of death and bronchopulmonary dysplasia defined as… compared with supportive care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic or very early initiation of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for preterm infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.69 [0.4, 1.19]
1 study · 256 participants
Low

Prophylactic or very early CPAP vs supportive care

Pulmonary air leak defined as pneumothorax · preterm infants

Prophylactic or very early CPAP showed no clear difference in pulmonary air leak defined as pneumothorax compared with supportive care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic or very early initiation of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for preterm infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.75 [0.35, 1.16]
3 studies · 568 participants
Low

Prophylactic or very early CPAP vs supportive care

Intraventricular haemorrhage, Papile grade 3/4 · preterm infants

Prophylactic or very early CPAP showed no clear difference in intraventricular haemorrhage grade 3 or 4 compared with supportive care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic or very early initiation of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for preterm infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.96 [0.39, 2.37]
2 studies · 486 participants
Low

Prophylactic or very early CPAP vs supportive care

Neurodevelopmental disability · preterm infants

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic or very early initiation of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for preterm infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Prophylactic CPAP vs mechanical ventilation

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks defined as oxygen dependency at 36 weeks postmenstrual age · preterm infants

Prophylactic CPAP probably leads to lower bronchopulmonary dysplasia at 36 weeks defined as oxygen dependency… compared with mechanical ventilation (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic or very early initiation of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for preterm infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.89 [0.8, 0.99]
3 studies · 2150 participants
Moderate

Prophylactic CPAP vs mechanical ventilation

Death Death at any time · preterm infants

Prophylactic CPAP showed no clear difference in death Death at any time compared with mechanical ventilation (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Prophylactic or very early initiation of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for preterm infants 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.82 [0.66, 1.03]
3 studies · 2358 participants
Moderate

Heparin prophylaxis vs no treatment/placebo

Maternal death · pregnant women at increased risk of VTE during pregnancy and the early postnatal period

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis for women at risk during pregnancy and the early postnatal period 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found