What do systematic reviews say?

Periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing, alone or with antimicrobials) vs Alternative (less intensive) periodontal treatment, alone or with placebo

• Treating periodontal disease for preventing adverse birth outcomes in pregnant women 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Not pooled. Pirie 2013 (99 participants): mean difference in birth weight -0.07 kilograms. Macones 2010 (756 participants): difference in mean birth weight -67.7 grams.
  2 studies
  GRADE not reported

Periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing, alone or with antimicrobials) vs Alternative (less intensive) periodontal treatment, alone or with placebo

It is very uncertain whether periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing, alone or with… changes gestational age (preterm birth < 37 weeks) compared with alternative (less intensive) periodontal treatment, alone or with… (very low certainty).

• Treating periodontal disease for preventing adverse birth outcomes in pregnant women 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes

  SRP + antimicrobial vs alternative mechanical treatment + placebo
  RR 1.40 [0.67, 2.92]
  1 study · 243 participants
  Very low
• Treating periodontal disease for preventing adverse birth outcomes in pregnant women 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes

  SRP vs alternative mechanical treatment
  RR 0.87 [0.46, 1.67]
  4 studies · 1168 participants
  Very low
• Treating periodontal disease for preventing adverse birth outcomes in pregnant women 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes

  SRP + antimicrobial vs SRP + placebo
  RR 3.08 [1.15, 8.20]
  1 study · 243 participants
  Very low

Periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing, alone or with antimicrobials) vs Alternative (less intensive) periodontal treatment, alone or with placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Treating periodontal disease for preventing adverse birth outcomes in pregnant women 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Pre-eclampsia: Not reported for this comparison.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing, alone or with antimicrobials) vs Alternative (less intensive) periodontal treatment, alone or with placebo

It is very uncertain whether periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing, alone or with… changes perinatal mortality (including fetal and neonatal deaths up to the… compared with alternative (less intensive) periodontal treatment, alone or with… (very low certainty).

• Treating periodontal disease for preventing adverse birth outcomes in pregnant women 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
  RR 1.06 [0.60, 1.85]
  2 studies · 855 participants
  Very low

Periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing, alone or with antimicrobials) vs Alternative (less intensive) periodontal treatment, alone or with placebo

It is very uncertain whether periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing, alone or with… changes low birth weight < 1500 g compared with alternative (less intensive) periodontal treatment, alone or with… (very low certainty).

• Treating periodontal disease for preventing adverse birth outcomes in pregnant women 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
  RR 1.85 [0.69, 4.96]
  1 study · 756 participants
  Very low

Periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing, alone or with antimicrobials) vs Alternative (less intensive) periodontal treatment, alone or with placebo

Periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing, alone or with… led to lower bleeding on probing compared with alternative (less intensive) periodontal treatment, alone or with…; GRADE not reported.

• Treating periodontal disease for preventing adverse birth outcomes in pregnant women 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
  MD -28.00 [-38.54, -17.46]
  1 study · 53 participants
  GRADE not reported

Periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing, alone or with antimicrobials) vs Alternative (less intensive) periodontal treatment, alone or with placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Treating periodontal disease for preventing adverse birth outcomes in pregnant women 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Maternal mortality: Not reported for this comparison.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing, alone or with antimicrobials) vs Alternative (less intensive) periodontal treatment, alone or with placebo

Periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing, alone or with… showed no clear difference in gingival index compared with alternative (less intensive) periodontal treatment, alone or with…; GRADE not reported.

• Treating periodontal disease for preventing adverse birth outcomes in pregnant women 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
  MD -28.00 [-144.13, 88.13]
  1 study · 53 participants
  GRADE not reported

Periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing, alone or with antimicrobials) vs Alternative (less intensive) periodontal treatment, alone or with placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Treating periodontal disease for preventing adverse birth outcomes in pregnant women 2017 · Cochrane All outcomes
  Adverse effects of therapy: Not reported for this comparison.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Enalapril plus folic acid vs enalapril

Enalapril plus folic acid leads to lower stroke compared with enalapril (high certainty).

• Homocysteine‐lowering interventions for preventing cardiovascular events 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.79 [0.68, 0.93]
  1 study · 20702 participants
  High

Enalapril plus folic acid vs enalapril

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Homocysteine‐lowering interventions for preventing cardiovascular events 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Enalapril plus folic acid vs enalapril

Enalapril plus folic acid showed no clear difference in death from any cause compared with enalapril (high certainty).

• Homocysteine‐lowering interventions for preventing cardiovascular events 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.94 [0.81, 1.1]
  1 study · 20702 participants
  High

Enalapril plus folic acid vs enalapril

Enalapril plus folic acid showed no clear difference in serious adverse event (cancer) compared with enalapril (moderate certainty).

• Homocysteine‐lowering interventions for preventing cardiovascular events 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.96 [0.71, 1.31]
  1 study · 20243 participants
  Moderate

Enalapril plus folic acid vs enalapril

Enalapril plus folic acid showed no clear difference in myocardial infarction compared with enalapril (moderate certainty).

• Homocysteine‐lowering interventions for preventing cardiovascular events 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.04 [0.6, 1.82]
  1 study · 20702 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

• Effect of cocoa on blood pressure 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  35 studies · 1804 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

• Effect of cocoa on blood pressure 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  34 studies · 1772 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

• Effect of cocoa on blood pressure 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  31 studies · 1514 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Topical medication instillation techniques for glaucoma 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Topical medication instillation techniques for glaucoma 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Topical medication instillation techniques for glaucoma 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found