What do systematic reviews say?

Oestrogen therapy alone vs placebo

Oestrogen‐only hormone therapy (HT) probably leads to higher venous thromboembolism (DVT or PE) compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Long‐term hormone therapy for perimenopausal and postmenopausal women 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 2.22 [1.12, 4.39]
  1 study · 10739 participants
  Moderate

Oestrogen therapy alone vs placebo

Oestrogen‐only hormone therapy (HT) showed no clear difference in venous thromboembolism (DVT or PE): CEE 0.625 mg (moderate dose) compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Long‐term hormone therapy for perimenopausal and postmenopausal women 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.32 [1, 1.74]
  1 study · 10739 participants
  Moderate

Oestrogen therapy alone vs placebo

Oestrogen‐only hormone therapy (HT) showed no clear difference in breast cancer compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Long‐term hormone therapy for perimenopausal and postmenopausal women 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.79 [0.61, 1.01]
  1 study · 10739 participants
  Moderate

Oestrogen therapy alone vs placebo

Oestrogen‐only hormone therapy (HT) probably leads to higher gallbladder disease compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Long‐term hormone therapy for perimenopausal and postmenopausal women 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.78 [1.42, 2.24]
  1 study · 8376 participants
  Moderate

Oestrogen therapy alone vs placebo

Oestrogen‐only hormone therapy (HT) probably leads to lower all clinical fractures compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Long‐term hormone therapy for perimenopausal and postmenopausal women 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.73 [0.65, 0.8]
  1 study · 10739 participants
  Moderate

Combined continuous hormone therapy (HT) vs placebo

Combined continuous hormone therapy (HT) probably leads to higher stroke compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Long‐term hormone therapy for perimenopausal and postmenopausal women 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 146 [1.02, 2.09]
  2 studies · 17585 participants
  Moderate

Combined continuous hormone therapy (HT) vs placebo

Combined continuous hormone therapy (HT) probably leads to higher venous thromboembolism (DVT or PE) compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Long‐term hormone therapy for perimenopausal and postmenopausal women 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 4.28 [2.49, 7.34]
  2 studies · 20993 participants
  Moderate

Combined continuous hormone therapy (HT) vs placebo

Combined continuous hormone therapy (HT) probably leads to higher breast cancer compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Long‐term hormone therapy for perimenopausal and postmenopausal women 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.27 [1.03, 1.56]
  1 study · 16608 participants
  Moderate

Combined continuous hormone therapy (HT) vs placebo

Combined continuous hormone therapy (HT) probably leads to higher death from lung cancer compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Long‐term hormone therapy for perimenopausal and postmenopausal women 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.74 [1.18, 2.55]
  1 study · 16608 participants
  Moderate

Combined continuous hormone therapy (HT) vs placebo

Combined continuous hormone therapy (HT) probably leads to higher gallbladder disease compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Long‐term hormone therapy for perimenopausal and postmenopausal women 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.64 [1.3, 2.06]
  1 study · 14203 participants
  Moderate

Combined continuous hormone therapy (HT) vs placebo

Combined continuous hormone therapy (HT) probably leads to lower all clinical fractures compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Long‐term hormone therapy for perimenopausal and postmenopausal women 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.78 [0.71, 0.86]
  1 study · 16608 participants
  Moderate

Oestrogen therapy alone vs placebo

Oestrogen‐only hormone therapy (HT) showed no clear difference in coronary events (MI or cardiac death) compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Long‐term hormone therapy for perimenopausal and postmenopausal women 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.94 [0.78, 1.13]
  1 study · 10739 participants
  Moderate

Oestrogen therapy alone vs placebo

Oestrogen‐only hormone therapy (HT) probably leads to higher stroke compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Long‐term hormone therapy for perimenopausal and postmenopausal women 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.33 [1.06, 1.67]
  1 study · 10739 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

• Shared care across the interface between primary and specialty care in management of long term conditions 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  16 studies · 6977 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

• Shared care across the interface between primary and specialty care in management of long term conditions 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  18 studies · 6243 participants
  High

Intervention not reported

• Shared care across the interface between primary and specialty care in management of long term conditions 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  18 studies · 8698 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

• Shared care across the interface between primary and specialty care in management of long term conditions 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  9 studies · 2396 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

• Shared care across the interface between primary and specialty care in management of long term conditions 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  26 studies · 13088 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

• Shared care across the interface between primary and specialty care in management of long term conditions 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  7 studies · 1639 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

• Shared care across the interface between primary and specialty care in management of long term conditions 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  8 studies · 4565 participants
  Moderate