Duration of mechanical ventilation ‐ not reported · people with pneumonia
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Number of participants who were diagnosed with acute URTIs: at least 1 event · children, adults, and the elderly
Intention‐to‐treat analysis: probiotics may leads to lower number of participants who were diagnosed with acute URTIs: at least… compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Number of participants who were diagnosed with acute URTIs: at least 3 events · children, adults, and the elderly
Intention‐to‐treat analysis: probiotics probably leads to lower number of participants who were diagnosed with acute URTIs: at least… compared with placebo or no treatment (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Incidence of acute URTIs during the study period (the number of acute URTIs over a period of time) · children, adults, and the elderly
Intention‐to‐treat analysis: probiotics may leads to lower incidence rate of acute URTIs compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Mean duration of an episode of acute URTIs · children, adults, and the elderly
1 finding from 1 review
Number of participants who were absent from childcare centre, school, or work due to acute URTIs · children, adults, and the elderly
It is very uncertain whether intention‐to‐treat analysis: probiotics changes number of participants who were absent from childcare centre,… compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Number of participants who used prescribed antibiotics for acute URTIs · children, adults, and the elderly
Intention‐to‐treat analysis: probiotics probably leads to lower number of participants who used prescribed antibiotics for acute URTIs compared with placebo or no treatment (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Participants with at least some Side Effects · children, adults, and the elderly
Intention‐to‐treat analysis: probiotics showed no clear difference in number of participants who experienced at least 1 side effect or… compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Participant‐reported improvement in sialorrhea in the short term · sialorrhea (excessive saliva) in people with motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Botulinum toxin injection showed no clear difference in participant‐reported improvement in sialorrhea in the short term… compared with placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Reduction in the amount of saliva production in the short term using an objective measure · sialorrhea (excessive saliva) in people with motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
1 participants
Very low
Quality of life · sialorrhea (excessive saliva) in people with motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Adverse events · sialorrhea (excessive saliva) in people with motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
1 participants
Moderate
Participant‐reported improvement in sialorrhea in the short term · people with motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with sialorrhea (excessive saliva) (all fed via gastrostomy and most…
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
8 participants
Very low
Reduction in the amount of saliva production in the short term using an objective measure · people with motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with sialorrhea (excessive saliva) (all fed via gastrostomy and most…
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
8 participants
Very low
Quality of life · people with motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with sialorrhea (excessive saliva) (all fed via gastrostomy and most…
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Adverse events · people with motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with sialorrhea (excessive saliva) (all fed via gastrostomy and most…
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
10 participants
Very low
Reduction in the amount of saliva production in the short term using an objective measure · sialorrhea (excessive saliva) in people with motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
1 finding from 1 review
Health‐related quality of life Assessed by: SeiQoL‐DW (higher scores mean better quality of life) · sialorrhea (excessive saliva) in people with motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse effects · sialorrhea (excessive saliva) in people with motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Botulinum toxin injection may leads to lower adverse effects compared with placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Participant‐reported improvement in sialorrhea in the short term · sialorrhea (excessive saliva) in people with motor neuron disease/amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
1 participants
Moderate