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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

4,730 questions · 18,059 findings · 1,282 reviews

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No studies found 4,360 · 24.1%GRADE not reported 2,529 · 14%Very low 4,641 · 25.7%Low 4,007 · 22.2%Moderate 2,057 · 11.4%High 465 · 2.6%

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Occlusal splint vs No treatment or placebo (non-occlusal or transparent-foil placebo splint)

Severity of joint noise · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD)

It is very uncertain whether occlusal splint changes severity of joint noise compared with no treatment or placebo (non-occlusal or transparent-foil placebo… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Jaw opening exercises alone vs Ultrasound plus jaw opening exercises

Maximal mouth opening (interincisal distance) · People of any age with a confirmed diagnosis, by clinical examination and biopsy, of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF)

It is very uncertain whether jaw opening exercises alone changes maximal mouth opening (interincisal distance) compared with ultrasound plus jaw opening exercises (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Occlusal splint vs Physical therapy (ultrasound, exercise, sensorimotor training, laser, TENS, manual therapy)

Participant satisfaction or quality of life · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD)

Occlusal splint led to lower participant satisfaction or quality of life compared with physical therapy (ultrasound, exercise, sensorimotor training,…; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Occlusal splint vs acupuncture

Participant satisfaction or quality of life · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD)

Occlusal splint showed no clear difference in participant satisfaction or quality of life compared with acupuncture; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Occlusal splint vs Physical therapy (ultrasound, exercise, sensorimotor training, laser, TENS, manual therapy)

Muscle pain when chewing · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD)

It is very uncertain whether occlusal splint changes muscle pain when chewing compared with physical therapy (ultrasound, exercise, sensorimotor training,… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antioxidants (lycopene, curcumin, Oxitard) vs Placebo or no active treatment

Difficulty in speech (participant-reported proxy) · People of any age with a confirmed diagnosis, by clinical examination and biopsy, of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF)

Antioxidants (lycopene, curcumin, Oxitard) showed no clear difference in difficulty in speech (participant-reported proxy) compared with placebo or no active treatment; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Occlusal splint vs Physical therapy (ultrasound, exercise, sensorimotor training, laser, TENS, manual therapy)

Joint pain at rest · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD)

It is very uncertain whether occlusal splint changes joint pain at rest compared with physical therapy (ultrasound, exercise, sensorimotor training,… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intralesional triamcinolone vs Intralesional triamcinolone plus salvianolic acid B

Maximal mouth opening (interincisal distance) · People of any age with a confirmed diagnosis, by clinical examination and biopsy, of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF)

It is very uncertain whether intralesional triamcinolone changes maximal mouth opening (interincisal distance) compared with intralesional triamcinolone plus salvianolic acid B (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intralesional dexamethasone injections vs placebo injection

Maximal mouth opening (interincisal distance) · People of any age with a confirmed diagnosis, by clinical examination and biopsy, of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF)

It is very uncertain whether intralesional dexamethasone injections changes maximal mouth opening (interincisal distance) compared with placebo injections (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Surgery plus Heister jaw opener vs Surgery plus wooden tongue depressors

Burning sensation (VAS 0-100) · People of any age with a confirmed diagnosis, by clinical examination and biopsy, of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF)
1 finding from 1 review
  • Interventions for managing oral submucous fibrosis 2024 · Cochrane All outcomes
    Vadepally 2019 measured burning sensation on a VAS but did not fully report results, stating there was no significant difference between the 2 groups (p=0.617).
    1 study · 50 participants
    GRADE not reported

Oxitard (antioxidant) vs Topical aloe vera gel

Difficulty in speech (participant-reported proxy) · People of any age with a confirmed diagnosis, by clinical examination and biopsy, of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF)

Oxitard (antioxidant) led to lower difficulty in speech (participant-reported proxy) compared with aloe vera gel; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Abdominal dermal fat graft vs Nasolabial flap

Adverse effects · People of any age with a confirmed diagnosis, by clinical examination and biopsy, of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF)
1 finding from 1 review
  • Interventions for managing oral submucous fibrosis 2024 · Cochrane All outcomes
    Kania 2022 reported 3/30 serious adverse effects (graft failure) requiring prolonged hospital stay in the abdominal dermal fat graft group; no GRADE rating.
    1 study · 30 participants
    GRADE not reported

Occlusal splint vs No treatment or placebo (non-occlusal or transparent-foil placebo splint)

Frequency of joint noise · People with temporomandibular disorders (TMD)

It is very uncertain whether occlusal splint changes frequency of joint noise compared with no treatment or placebo (non-occlusal or transparent-foil placebo… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Pentoxifylline vs Placebo or no active treatment

Maximal mouth opening (interincisal distance) · People of any age with a confirmed diagnosis, by clinical examination and biopsy, of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF)

It is very uncertain whether pentoxifylline changes maximal mouth opening (interincisal distance) compared with placebo or no active treatment (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Telephone quitline referral vs usual care or no treatment

Health system telephone counselling vs quitline · smoking cessation in hospitalised patients

It is very uncertain whether telephone quitline referral changes health system telephone counselling vs quitline compared with no treatment or usual care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review