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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
1,173 questions in 89 reviews · Neuromuscular
current versionsNo studies 302 · 25.7%Ungraded 119 · 10.1%Very low 267 · 22.8%Low 239 · 20.4%Moderate 177 · 15.1%High 69 · 5.9%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Prophylactic perindopril (2 mg to 4 mg daily) vs placebo Change in cardiac function: number of patients with EF < 45% · boys with DMD, normal cardiac examination and LVEF > 55% at baseline Interventions for preventing and treating cardiac complications in Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy… (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.04 [0.07, 15.77] | 1 study · 57 participants | Very low |
Idebenone (3 daily tablets of 150 mg) vs placebo Change in cardiac function (change in ejection fraction) · boys (aged 8 to 16 years old) with subclinical cardiomyopathy in DMD Interventions for preventing and treating cardiac complications in Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 21 participants | Very low |
Idebenone (3 daily tablets of 150 mg) vs placebo Change in cardiac function (change in peak systolic radial strain in LV lateral wall segments) · boys (aged 8 to 16 years old) with subclinical cardiomyopathy in DMD Interventions for preventing and treating cardiac complications in Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 18 participants | Very low |
Idebenone (3 daily tablets of 150 mg) vs placebo Change in cardiac function (change in systolic radial strain rate LV inferolateral wall) · boys (aged 8 to 16 years old) with subclinical cardiomyopathy in DMD Interventions for preventing and treating cardiac complications in Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 18 participants | Very low |
Idebenone (3 daily tablets of 150 mg) vs placebo Size of metabolically abnormal areas of myocardium · boys (aged 8 to 16 years old) with subclinical cardiomyopathy in DMD Interventions for preventing and treating cardiac complications in Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Idebenone (3 daily tablets of 150 mg) vs placebo Improvements in quality of life measures · boys (aged 8 to 16 years old) with subclinical cardiomyopathy in DMD Interventions for preventing and treating cardiac complications in Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Idebenone (3 daily tablets of 150 mg) vs placebo Adverse events · boys (aged 8 to 16 years old) with subclinical cardiomyopathy in DMD Interventions for preventing and treating cardiac complications in Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 21 participants | Low |
Eplerenone (25 mg daily) vs placebo Change in cardiac function: change (decline) from baseline in left ventricular strain · boys with DMD and left ventricular ejection fraction 45% or more Interventions for preventing and treating cardiac complications in Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 42 participants | Very low |
Eplerenone (25 mg daily) vs placebo Change in cardiac function: change in LVEF (baseline to 6 months) · boys with DMD and left ventricular ejection fraction 45% or more Interventions for preventing and treating cardiac complications in Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 42 participants | Very low |
Eplerenone (25 mg daily) vs placebo Size of metabolically abnormal areas of myocardium (baseline to 12 months) · boys with DMD and left ventricular ejection fraction 45% or more Interventions for preventing and treating cardiac complications in Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 42 participants | Low |
Eplerenone (25 mg daily) vs placebo Improvements in quality of life measures · boys with DMD and left ventricular ejection fraction 45% or more Interventions for preventing and treating cardiac complications in Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Prophylactic perindopril (2 mg to 4 mg daily) vs placebo Size of metabolically abnormal areas of myocardium · boys with DMD, normal cardiac examination and LVEF > 55% at baseline Interventions for preventing and treating cardiac complications in Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Eplerenone (25 mg daily) vs placebo Adverse events · boys with DMD and left ventricular ejection fraction 45% or more Interventions for preventing and treating cardiac complications in Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy… (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.37 [0.02, 8.48] | 1 study · 42 participants | Very low |
Growth hormone (0.23 mg/kg/week for DMD and 0.07 mg/kg/week in BMD SC injection) vs placebo Change in cardiac function: ejection fraction · people with DMD or BMD (ages not stated) Interventions for preventing and treating cardiac complications in Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 16 participants | Very low |
Growth hormone (0.23 mg/kg/week for DMD and 0.07 mg/kg/week in BMD SC injection) vs placebo Size of metabolically abnormal areas of myocardium · people with DMD or BMD (ages not stated) Interventions for preventing and treating cardiac complications in Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Growth hormone (0.23 mg/kg/week for DMD and 0.07 mg/kg/week in BMD SC injection) vs placebo Improvements in quality of life measures · people with DMD or BMD (ages not stated) Interventions for preventing and treating cardiac complications in Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Growth hormone (0.23 mg/kg/week for DMD and 0.07 mg/kg/week in BMD SC injection) vs placebo Adverse events · people with DMD or BMD (ages not stated) Interventions for preventing and treating cardiac complications in Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 16 participants | Very low |
Prophylactic perindopril (2 mg to 4 mg daily) vs placebo Improvements in quality of life measures · boys with DMD, normal cardiac examination and LVEF > 55% at baseline Interventions for preventing and treating cardiac complications in Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Prophylactic perindopril (2 mg to 4 mg daily) vs placebo Adverse events · boys with DMD, normal cardiac examination and LVEF > 55% at baseline Interventions for preventing and treating cardiac complications in Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy… (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.16 [0.78, 1.72] | 1 study · 57 participants | Low |
Lisinopril (0.7 mg/kg daily) vs losartan (0.7 mg/kg daily) Cardiac function: · patients with established cardiomyopathy in DMD Interventions for preventing and treating cardiac complications in Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 16 participants | Very low |
Lisinopril (0.7 mg/kg daily) vs losartan (0.7 mg/kg daily) Size of metabolically abnormal areas of myocardium · patients with established cardiomyopathy in DMD Interventions for preventing and treating cardiac complications in Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Lisinopril (0.7 mg/kg daily) vs losartan (0.7 mg/kg daily) Improvements in quality of life measures · patients with established cardiomyopathy in DMD Interventions for preventing and treating cardiac complications in Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Lisinopril (0.7 mg/kg daily) vs losartan (0.7 mg/kg daily) Adverse events · patients with established cardiomyopathy in DMD Interventions for preventing and treating cardiac complications in Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 22 participants | Very low |
Idebenone (3 daily tablets of 150 mg) vs placebo Change in cardiac function (change in fractional shortening) · boys (aged 8 to 16 years old) with subclinical cardiomyopathy in DMD Interventions for preventing and treating cardiac complications in Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy… (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 21 participants | Very low |
Acupuncture vs sham acupuncture Improvement in symptoms of gastroparesis (short term: 4 to 12 weeks) · symptomatic gastroparesis Acupuncture for symptomatic gastroparesis (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 60 participants | Low |
Acupuncture vs gastrokinetic agents Proportion of people whose symptoms 'improved' (short term: 4 to 12 weeks) · people with symptomatic gastroparesis Acupuncture for symptomatic gastroparesis (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.25 [1.17, 1.33] | 12 studies · 963 participants | Very low |
Acupuncture vs gastrokinetic agents Proportion of people whose symptoms 'improved' (long term: more than 12 weeks) · people with symptomatic gastroparesis Acupuncture for symptomatic gastroparesis (2018) · Cochrane | RR 0.79 [0.36, 1.73] | 1 study · 85 participants | Very low |
Acupuncture vs gastrokinetic agents Changes of medication for gastroparesis (either short or long term) ‐ not measured · people with symptomatic gastroparesis Acupuncture for symptomatic gastroparesis (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Acupuncture vs gastrokinetic agents Quality of life (either short or long term) ‐ not measured · people with symptomatic gastroparesis Acupuncture for symptomatic gastroparesis (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Acupuncture vs gastrokinetic agents Adverse events · people with symptomatic gastroparesis Acupuncture for symptomatic gastroparesis (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 180 participants | Very low |
Acupuncture vs non‐gastrokinetic agents Improvement in symptoms of gastroparesis (short term: 4 to 12 weeks) · symptomatic gastroparesis Acupuncture for symptomatic gastroparesis (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 68 participants | Very low |
Acupuncture vs non‐gastrokinetic agents Improvement in symptoms of gastroparesis (long term: more than 12 weeks) ‐ not measured · symptomatic gastroparesis Acupuncture for symptomatic gastroparesis (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Acupuncture vs non‐gastrokinetic agents Proportion of people whose symptoms 'improved' (short term: 4 to 12 weeks) · symptomatic gastroparesis Acupuncture for symptomatic gastroparesis (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.38 [1.02, 1.86] | 1 study · 68 participants | Very low |
Acupuncture vs non‐gastrokinetic agents Proportion of people whose symptoms 'improved' (long term: more than 12 weeks) ‐ not measured · symptomatic gastroparesis Acupuncture for symptomatic gastroparesis (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Acupuncture vs non‐gastrokinetic agents Changes of medication for gastroparesis (either short or long term) ‐ not measured · symptomatic gastroparesis Acupuncture for symptomatic gastroparesis (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Acupuncture vs sham acupuncture Improvement in symptoms of gastroparesis (long term: more than 12 weeks) ‐ not measured · symptomatic gastroparesis Acupuncture for symptomatic gastroparesis (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Acupuncture vs non‐gastrokinetic agents Quality of life (either short or long term) ‐ not measured · symptomatic gastroparesis Acupuncture for symptomatic gastroparesis (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Acupuncture vs non‐gastrokinetic agents Adverse events ‐ not reported · symptomatic gastroparesis Acupuncture for symptomatic gastroparesis (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Acupuncture plus gastrokinetic agents vs gastrokinetic agents alone Improvement in symptoms of gastroparesis (short term: 4 to 12 weeks) · symptomatic gastroparesis Acupuncture for symptomatic gastroparesis (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 2 studies · 132 participants | Very low |
Acupuncture plus gastrokinetic agents vs gastrokinetic agents alone Improvement in symptoms of gastroparesis (long term: more than 12 weeks) ‐ not reported · symptomatic gastroparesis Acupuncture for symptomatic gastroparesis (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Acupuncture plus gastrokinetic agents vs gastrokinetic agents alone Proportion of people whose symptoms 'improved' (short term: 4 to 12 weeks) · symptomatic gastroparesis Acupuncture for symptomatic gastroparesis (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.21 [1.15, 1.27] | 13 studies · 1107 participants | Very low |
Acupuncture plus gastrokinetic agents vs gastrokinetic agents alone Proportion of people whose symptoms 'improved' (long term: more than 12 weeks) · symptomatic gastroparesis Acupuncture for symptomatic gastroparesis (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.41 [1.19, 1.66] | 3 studies · 237 participants | Very low |
Acupuncture plus gastrokinetic agents vs gastrokinetic agents alone Changes of medication for gastroparesis (either short or long term) ‐ not measured · symptomatic gastroparesis Acupuncture for symptomatic gastroparesis (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Acupuncture plus gastrokinetic agents vs gastrokinetic agents alone Quality of life (either short or long term) ‐ not measured · symptomatic gastroparesis Acupuncture for symptomatic gastroparesis (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Acupuncture plus gastrokinetic agents vs gastrokinetic agents alone Adverse events · symptomatic gastroparesis Acupuncture for symptomatic gastroparesis (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 4 studies · 408 participants | Very low |
Acupuncture plus non‐gastrokinetic agents vs non‐gastrokinetic agents alone Improvement in symptoms of gastroparesis (short term: 4 to 12 weeks) · symptomatic gastroparesis Acupuncture for symptomatic gastroparesis (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | 1 study · 80 participants | Very low |
Acupuncture vs sham acupuncture Proportion of people whose symptoms 'improved' (short term: 4 to 12 weeks) ‐ not reported · symptomatic gastroparesis Acupuncture for symptomatic gastroparesis (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Acupuncture plus non‐gastrokinetic agents vs non‐gastrokinetic agents alone Improvement in symptoms of gastroparesis (long term: more than 12 weeks) ‐ not reported · symptomatic gastroparesis Acupuncture for symptomatic gastroparesis (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |
Acupuncture plus non‐gastrokinetic agents vs non‐gastrokinetic agents alone Proportion of people whose symptoms 'improved' (short term: 4 to 12 weeks) · symptomatic gastroparesis Acupuncture for symptomatic gastroparesis (2018) · Cochrane | RR 1.3 [1.01, 1.66] | 1 study · 80 participants | Very low |
Acupuncture plus non‐gastrokinetic agents vs non‐gastrokinetic agents alone Proportion of people whose symptoms 'improved' (long term: more than 12 weeks) · symptomatic gastroparesis Acupuncture for symptomatic gastroparesis (2018) · Cochrane | no estimate extracted | NR | No studies |