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Search review questions
Each row is one question a systematic review asked: who, what, compared with what, and which outcome, with the effect it found and how certain that is. Words match anywhere in the field.
581 questions in 23 reviews · Implants and prosthodontics
current versionsNo studies 87 · 15%Ungraded 388 · 66.8%Very low 88 · 15.1%Low 10 · 1.7%Moderate 8 · 1.4%High 0 · 0%
Ungraded means an effect was reported without a GRADE rating; it is not a gap. No studies means the review found nothing to answer the question. The six categories are a display order, not a score.
| Question | Effect | Evidence | Status / GRADE |
|---|---|---|---|
Effervescent tablets vs No treatment Fusobacteria (colony forming units, log-transformed) · Maxillary complete denture (CD) wearers Interventions for cleaning dentures in adults (2009) · Cochrane | MD -3.71 [-4.16, -3.26] | 1 study · 18 participants | Ungraded |
1-stage (non-submerged) implant placement vs 2-stage (submerged) implant placement Aesthetics evaluated by dentists (soft tissue recession) · Any subject receiving osseointegrated dental implants · 6 to 12 months after loading Interventions for replacing missing teeth: 1- versus 2-stage implant placement (2009) · Cochrane | MD -0.20 [-0.67, 0.27] | 1 study · 29 participants | Ungraded |
Inlay autogenous bone graft (iliac crest) vs Inlay bone substitute (Bio-Oss block) Patient preference · Patients with atrophic posterior mandibles (5 to 7 mm above the mandibular canal) needing implants · 1 month after definitive prostheses Interventions for replacing missing teeth: horizontal and vertical bone augmentation techniques for dental… (2009) · Cochrane | OR 0.03 [0.00, 0.64] | 1 study · 10 participants | Ungraded |
Inlay/interposed bone graft (iliac or Bio-Oss block) + longer implants (vertical augmentation) vs Short implants (8 to 11 mm) without augmentation Experienced the operation negatively · Patients with atrophic (resorbed) mandibles (anterior 6 to 12 mm; posterior 7 to 8 mm) needing implants · 3 weeks post-surgery Interventions for replacing missing teeth: horizontal and vertical bone augmentation techniques for dental… (2009) · Cochrane | OR 3.0 [0.79, 11.44] | 1 study · 40 participants | Ungraded |
Brushing vs No treatment Fusobacteria (colony forming units, log-transformed) · Maxillary complete denture (CD) wearers Interventions for cleaning dentures in adults (2009) · Cochrane | MD -0.89 [-1.55, -0.23] | 1 study · 18 participants | Ungraded |
Brushing vs Effervescent tablets Fusobacteria (colony forming units, log-transformed) · Maxillary complete denture (CD) wearers Interventions for cleaning dentures in adults (2009) · Cochrane | MD 3.62 [2.98, 4.26] | 1 study · 18 participants | Ungraded |
Inlay autogenous bone graft (iliac crest) vs Inlay bone substitute (Bio-Oss block) Implant failure · Patients with atrophic posterior mandibles (5 to 7 mm above the mandibular canal) needing implants · Up to 1 year post-loading Interventions for replacing missing teeth: horizontal and vertical bone augmentation techniques for dental… (2009) · Cochrane | OR 1.0 [0.01, 82.26] | 1 study · 10 participants | Ungraded |
1-stage (non-submerged) implant placement vs 2-stage (submerged) implant placement Prosthesis failure · Any subject receiving osseointegrated dental implants · 6 to 12 months after loading Interventions for replacing missing teeth: 1- versus 2-stage implant placement (2009) · Cochrane | RR 1.87 [0.33, 10.40] | 3 studies · 153 participants | Moderate |
Vertical distraction osteogenesis vs Autogenous onlay bone graft (mandibular ramus) 1-year post-loading bone level changes · Patients with vertically deficient posterior/anterior mandibular ridges needing implants · 1 year post-loading Interventions for replacing missing teeth: horizontal and vertical bone augmentation techniques for dental… (2009) · Cochrane | MD 0.09 [-0.26, 0.44] | 1 study · 17 participants | Ungraded |
Effervescent tablets vs No treatment (immersion in distilled water) Microbial counts (total aerobes, anaerobes, yeasts) · Complete denture (CD) wearers in a nursing home Interventions for cleaning dentures in adults (2009) · Cochrane | Moore 1984: soaking methods resulted in significant reduction of total aerobes and anaerobes versus distilled water (paired t test, P < 0.05); three soaking methods (Clorox and Calgon, Polident, Effedent) were less… | 1 study · 12 participants | Ungraded |
Association of brushing and effervescent tablets vs No treatment Total anaerobes (colony forming units, log-transformed) · Maxillary complete denture (CD) wearers Interventions for cleaning dentures in adults (2009) · Cochrane | MD -6.70 [-7.45, -5.95] | 1 study · 18 participants | Ungraded |
Brushing vs Effervescent tablets Visual plaque score · American complete denture (CD) wearers · 12 weeks Interventions for cleaning dentures in adults (2009) · Cochrane | Tarbet 1984 compared brushing with two types of effervescent tablets. No standard deviations were reported and therefore no data were entered for this outcome. Brushing was associated with significantly lower plaque… | 1 study · 75 participants | Ungraded |
Inlay autogenous bone graft (iliac crest) vs Inlay bone substitute (Bio-Oss block) Major complications · Patients with atrophic posterior mandibles (5 to 7 mm above the mandibular canal) needing implants · Up to 1 year post-loading Interventions for replacing missing teeth: horizontal and vertical bone augmentation techniques for dental… (2009) · Cochrane | OR 2.00 [0.11, 37.83] | 1 study · 10 participants | Ungraded |
Enzyme cleanser vs Placebo / sham solution Microbial counts (hyphae and bacteria) · Institutionalised elderly wearing maxillary complete dentures (CD) · 12 weeks Interventions for cleaning dentures in adults (2009) · Cochrane | Lower hyphal and bacterial scores were also found for 'E' when compared with 'Plac' after 12 weeks. It was not possible to extract adequate data as the investigators did not provide standard deviations. | 1 study | Ungraded |
Vertical distraction osteogenesis vs Autogenous onlay bone graft (mandibular ramus) 3-year post-loading bone level changes · Patients with vertically deficient posterior/anterior mandibular ridges needing implants · 3 years post-loading Interventions for replacing missing teeth: horizontal and vertical bone augmentation techniques for dental… (2009) · Cochrane | MD 0.29 [-0.14, 0.72] | 1 study · 17 participants | Ungraded |
Enzyme cleanser vs Brushing Denture plaque coverage score · Wearers of maxillary and mandibular complete dentures (CD) Interventions for cleaning dentures in adults (2009) · Cochrane | Standard deviations were not reported for the relevant data so these were not included in the analysis. Reduction of plaque scores was associated with enzyme concentration (ANOVA, P < 0.001). Brushing alone and… | 1 study | Ungraded |
Autogenous bone block from the chin + resorbable barrier vs 100% Bio-Oss + resorbable barrier Prosthesis/implant failure (1 year) · Patients with horizontally resorbed maxillary sites needing single implants · Up to 1 year post-loading Interventions for replacing missing teeth: horizontal and vertical bone augmentation techniques for dental… (2009) · Cochrane | OR 0.19 [0.01, 4.07] | 1 study · 62 participants | Ungraded |
Any denture cleansing method (mechanical or chemical) vs Another method, sham/placebo, or no treatment Adverse effects · Adults (over 18) wearing complete dentures (CD) or removable partial dentures (RPD) Interventions for cleaning dentures in adults (2009) · Cochrane | Noticeable absence of reports about adverse effects; no included study assessed the extent of adverse effects (for example the aftertaste of sodium hypochlorite, or mechanical or chemical damage to denture materials)… | 0 studies | No studies |
Silicone surfactant cleanser vs Placebo / sham solution Visual plaque score · Complete denture (CD) wearers · 14 days Interventions for cleaning dentures in adults (2009) · Cochrane | MD -0.88 [-1.00, -0.76] | 1 study | Ungraded |
Vertical GBR with non-resorbable titanium-reinforced barriers vs Vertical GBR with resorbable barriers supported by osteosynthesis plates Complication at augmented site · Patients with vertically deficient posterior/anterior mandibular ridges needing implants · About 4.5 months Interventions for replacing missing teeth: horizontal and vertical bone augmentation techniques for dental… (2009) · Cochrane | OR 1.46 [0.26, 8.05] | 1 study · 22 participants | Ungraded |
Association of brushing and effervescent tablets vs No treatment Fusobacteria (colony forming units, log-transformed) · Maxillary complete denture (CD) wearers Interventions for cleaning dentures in adults (2009) · Cochrane | MD -3.75 [-4.16, -3.34] | 1 study · 18 participants | Ungraded |
Inlay/interposed bone graft (iliac or Bio-Oss block) + longer implants (vertical augmentation) vs Short implants (8 to 11 mm) without augmentation No improvement of facial appearance (3 weeks) · Patients with atrophic (resorbed) mandibles (anterior 6 to 12 mm; posterior 7 to 8 mm) needing implants · 3 weeks post-surgery Interventions for replacing missing teeth: horizontal and vertical bone augmentation techniques for dental… (2009) · Cochrane | OR 0.11 [0.03, 0.46] | 1 study · 40 participants | Ungraded |
Horizontal bone augmentation (any technique) vs No augmentation Outcome NR · Patients with horizontally resorbed maxillary sites needing single implants · At least to abutment connection (planned) Interventions for replacing missing teeth: horizontal and vertical bone augmentation techniques for dental… (2009) · Cochrane | No trial evaluated whether horizontal bone augmentation is necessary (explicit gap) | 0 studies | No studies |
Inlay/interposed bone graft (iliac or Bio-Oss block) + longer implants (vertical augmentation) vs Short implants (8 to 11 mm) without augmentation Prosthetic failure · Patients with atrophic (resorbed) mandibles (anterior 6 to 12 mm; posterior 7 to 8 mm) needing implants · Up to 2 years post-loading Interventions for replacing missing teeth: horizontal and vertical bone augmentation techniques for dental… (2009) · Cochrane | OR 3.20 [0.48, 21.25] | 2 studies · 98 participants | Ungraded |
Enzyme cleanser vs Placebo / sham solution Improvement on denture cleanliness (caregivers' opinion) · Institutionalised elderly wearing maxillary complete dentures (CD) · 12 weeks Interventions for cleaning dentures in adults (2009) · Cochrane | After 12 weeks using an enzyme denture cleanser ('E'), 8 of 18 caregivers perceived some improvement in CD cleanliness. After using a placebo solution ('Plac'), only 2 of 17 perceived some improvement (Analysis 1.1,… | 1 study · 35 participants | Ungraded |
Ultrasound during vertical distraction osteogenesis vs Placebo (no ultrasound) during vertical distraction Distraction distance (bone gain, mm) · Patients with vertically deficient posterior/anterior mandibular ridges needing implants · 2 years post-loading Interventions for replacing missing teeth: horizontal and vertical bone augmentation techniques for dental… (2009) · Cochrane | Distraction distance 4.6 mm (ultrasound) vs 5.8 mm (placebo); difference 1.2 mm not statistically significant, in favour of placebo; data not shown (Schortinghuis 2008) | 1 study · 9 participants | Ungraded |
Effervescent tablets vs Association of brushing and effervescent tablets Total anaerobes (colony forming units, log-transformed) · Maxillary complete denture (CD) wearers Interventions for cleaning dentures in adults (2009) · Cochrane | MD 1.20 [-0.08, 2.48] | 1 study · 18 participants | Ungraded |
Vertical distraction osteogenesis vs Autogenous inlay bone graft (iliac crest) Vertical bone gain · Patients with vertically deficient posterior/anterior mandibular ridges needing implants · At least 1.5 years post-loading Interventions for replacing missing teeth: horizontal and vertical bone augmentation techniques for dental… (2009) · Cochrane | MD 3.25 [1.66, 4.84] | 1 study · 11 participants | Ungraded |
Vertical GBR with non-resorbable titanium-reinforced barriers vs Vertical GBR with resorbable barriers supported by osteosynthesis plates Augmentation procedure failure · Patients with vertically deficient posterior/anterior mandibular ridges needing implants · About 4.5 months Interventions for replacing missing teeth: horizontal and vertical bone augmentation techniques for dental… (2009) · Cochrane | OR 2.22 [0.17, 28.86] | 1 study · 22 participants | Ungraded |
Enzyme cleanser vs Placebo / sham solution Denture plaque (biofilm) score · Institutionalised elderly wearing maxillary complete dentures (CD) · 5 weeks; 3 months Interventions for cleaning dentures in adults (2009) · Cochrane | Both interventions reduced biofilm scores after 2 weeks. However, plaque scores were significantly lower for 'E' after 5 weeks (P < 0.05) and 3 months (P < 0.01), as assessed by Chi2 test. It was not possible to… | 1 study | Ungraded |
Inlay/interposed bone graft (iliac or Bio-Oss block) + longer implants (vertical augmentation) vs Short implants (8 to 11 mm) without augmentation Major complications · Patients with atrophic (resorbed) mandibles (anterior 6 to 12 mm; posterior 7 to 8 mm) needing implants · Up to 2 years post-loading Interventions for replacing missing teeth: horizontal and vertical bone augmentation techniques for dental… (2009) · Cochrane | OR 4.97 [1.10, 22.40] | 2 studies · 100 participants | Ungraded |
1-stage (non-submerged) implant placement vs 2-stage (submerged) implant placement Patient preference including aesthetics (split-mouth studies only) · Any subject receiving osseointegrated dental implants · 6 to 12 months after loading Interventions for replacing missing teeth: 1- versus 2-stage implant placement (2009) · Cochrane | Planned outcome (patient preference including aesthetics, only in split-mouth studies); no included trial reported it. | 0 studies | No studies |
Vertical GBR with non-resorbable titanium-reinforced barriers vs Vertical GBR with resorbable barriers supported by osteosynthesis plates Perimplant bone loss (3 years) · Patients with vertically deficient posterior/anterior mandibular ridges needing implants · 3 years post-loading Interventions for replacing missing teeth: horizontal and vertical bone augmentation techniques for dental… (2009) · Cochrane | MD 0.02 [-0.50, 0.54] | 1 study · 22 participants | Ungraded |
Autogenous inlay bone graft (iliac crest) vs Autogenous onlay bone graft (iliac crest) Major complications · Patients with deficient posterior mandibles (4.5 to 10 mm above the mandibular canal) needing implants · Up to 1 year post-loading Interventions for replacing missing teeth: horizontal and vertical bone augmentation techniques for dental… (2009) · Cochrane | OR 1.07 [0.20, 5.77] | 1 study · 23 participants | Ungraded |
Vertical GBR with non-resorbable titanium-reinforced barriers vs Vertical GBR with resorbable barriers supported by osteosynthesis plates Vertical bone gain · Patients with vertically deficient posterior/anterior mandibular ridges needing implants · About 4.5 months Interventions for replacing missing teeth: horizontal and vertical bone augmentation techniques for dental… (2009) · Cochrane | MD 0.32 [-0.79, 1.43] | 1 study · 22 participants | Ungraded |
Autogenous inlay bone graft (iliac crest) vs Autogenous onlay bone graft (iliac crest) Vertical bone gain · Patients with deficient posterior mandibles (4.5 to 10 mm above the mandibular canal) needing implants · Up to 1 year post-loading Interventions for replacing missing teeth: horizontal and vertical bone augmentation techniques for dental… (2009) · Cochrane | MD 0.97 [-0.07, 2.01] | 1 study · 23 participants | Ungraded |
1-stage (non-submerged) implant placement vs 2-stage (submerged) implant placement Radiographic marginal bone level changes · Any subject receiving osseointegrated dental implants · 6 to 12 months after loading Interventions for replacing missing teeth: 1- versus 2-stage implant placement (2009) · Cochrane | MD -0.10 [-0.40, 0.20] | 1 study · 29 participants | Ungraded |
1-stage (non-submerged) implant placement vs 2-stage (submerged) implant placement Implant failure · Any subject receiving osseointegrated dental implants · 6 to 12 months after loading Interventions for replacing missing teeth: 1- versus 2-stage implant placement (2009) · Cochrane | RR 1.39 [0.59, 3.27] | 4 studies · 230 participants | Moderate |
Brushing vs No treatment (immersion in distilled water) Microbial counts (total aerobes, anaerobes, yeasts) · Complete denture (CD) wearers in a nursing home Interventions for cleaning dentures in adults (2009) · Cochrane | Moore 1984 found that the seven tested methods were similar and resulted in a significant reduction in total aerobes and anaerobes compared with immersion in distilled water (paired t test, P < 0.05). Some chemical… | 1 study · 12 participants | Ungraded |
Vertical distraction osteogenesis vs Autogenous inlay bone graft (iliac crest) Complications · Patients with vertically deficient posterior/anterior mandibular ridges needing implants · At least 1.5 years post-loading Interventions for replacing missing teeth: horizontal and vertical bone augmentation techniques for dental… (2009) · Cochrane | OR 7.50 [0.46, 122.70] | 1 study · 11 participants | Ungraded |
Effervescent tablets vs No treatment Total anaerobes (colony forming units, log-transformed) · Maxillary complete denture (CD) wearers Interventions for cleaning dentures in adults (2009) · Cochrane | MD -5.5 [-6.55, -4.45] | 1 study · 18 participants | Ungraded |
Brushing vs Effervescent tablets Total anaerobes (colony forming units, log-transformed) · Maxillary complete denture (CD) wearers Interventions for cleaning dentures in adults (2009) · Cochrane | MD 4.44 [3.36, 5.52] | 1 study · 18 participants | Ungraded |
Inlay/interposed bone graft (iliac or Bio-Oss block) + longer implants (vertical augmentation) vs Short implants (8 to 11 mm) without augmentation Implant failure · Patients with atrophic (resorbed) mandibles (anterior 6 to 12 mm; posterior 7 to 8 mm) needing implants · Up to 2 years post-loading Interventions for replacing missing teeth: horizontal and vertical bone augmentation techniques for dental… (2009) · Cochrane | OR 5.74 [0.92, 35.82] | 2 studies · 98 participants | Ungraded |
Vertical distraction osteogenesis vs Autogenous onlay bone graft (mandibular ramus) Vertical bone gain · Patients with vertically deficient posterior/anterior mandibular ridges needing implants · Up to 3 years post-loading Interventions for replacing missing teeth: horizontal and vertical bone augmentation techniques for dental… (2009) · Cochrane | MD 0.30 [-0.97, 1.57] | 1 study · 17 participants | Ungraded |
Any denture cleansing method (mechanical or chemical) vs Another method, sham/placebo, or no treatment Outcome NR · Wearers of removable partial dentures (RPD), over the age of 18 Interventions for cleaning dentures in adults (2009) · Cochrane | No included study assessed removable partial denture (RPD) wearers; all six included trials assessed complete denture wearers (Discussion; Implications for research: 'No included study assessed removable partial… | 0 studies | No studies |
Vertical distraction osteogenesis vs Autogenous onlay bone graft (mandibular ramus) Complication at augmented + donor site · Patients with vertically deficient posterior/anterior mandibular ridges needing implants · Up to 3 years post-loading Interventions for replacing missing teeth: horizontal and vertical bone augmentation techniques for dental… (2009) · Cochrane | OR 0.5 [0.07, 3.55] | 1 study · 17 participants | Ungraded |
Inlay autogenous bone graft (iliac crest) vs Inlay bone substitute (Bio-Oss block) Prosthesis failure · Patients with atrophic posterior mandibles (5 to 7 mm above the mandibular canal) needing implants · Up to 1 year post-loading Interventions for replacing missing teeth: horizontal and vertical bone augmentation techniques for dental… (2009) · Cochrane | OR 1.0 [0.01, 82.26] | 1 study · 10 participants | Ungraded |
1-stage (non-submerged) implant placement vs 2-stage (submerged) implant placement Complications (biological and biomechanical) · Any subject receiving osseointegrated dental implants · 6 to 12 months after loading Interventions for replacing missing teeth: 1- versus 2-stage implant placement (2009) · Cochrane | RR 0.13 [0.01, 2.25] | 1 study · 30 participants | Ungraded |
Effervescent tablets vs Association of brushing and effervescent tablets Fusobacteria (colony forming units, log-transformed) · Maxillary complete denture (CD) wearers Interventions for cleaning dentures in adults (2009) · Cochrane | MD 0.04 [-0.33, 0.41] | 1 study · 18 participants | Ungraded |
Vertical GBR with autogenous bone (retromolar) vs Vertical GBR with bone substitute (Regenaform) Vertical bone gain · Patients with vertically deficient posterior/anterior mandibular ridges needing implants · Up to 1 year post-loading Interventions for replacing missing teeth: horizontal and vertical bone augmentation techniques for dental… (2009) · Cochrane | MD 0.6 [0.21, 0.99] | 1 study · 5 participants | Ungraded |