Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

568 questions · 575 findings · 105 reviews

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No studies found 53 · 9.2%GRADE not reported 26 · 4.5%Very low 91 · 15.8%Low 215 · 37.4%Moderate 151 · 26.3%High 39 · 6.8%

Summary of findings table ‐ Silicone earplugs vs no earplugs

Duration of mechanical ventilation · preterm or very low birth weight infants

1 finding from 1 review

Noise or sound management in the neonatal intensive care unit for preterm or very low birth weight infants 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 24 participants
Very low

Summary of findings table ‐ Silicone earplugs vs no earplugs

Days of initial hospitalisation · preterm or very low birth weight infants

1 finding from 1 review

Noise or sound management in the neonatal intensive care unit for preterm or very low birth weight infants 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 24 participants
Very low

Probiotics vs control

Necrotising enterocolitis · very preterm or very low birth weight infants

1 finding from 1 review

Probiotics to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very preterm or very low birth weight infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
57 studies · 10918 participants
Low

Probiotics vs control

Mortality before hospital discharge · very preterm or very low birth weight infants

1 finding from 1 review

Probiotics to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very preterm or very low birth weight infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
54 studies · 10484 participants
Moderate

Probiotics vs control

Late‐onset invasive infection (before hospital discharge) · very preterm or very low birth weight infants

1 finding from 1 review

Probiotics to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very preterm or very low birth weight infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
49 studies · 9876 participants
Moderate

Probiotics vs control

Neurodevelopmental disability · very preterm or very low birth weight infants

1 finding from 1 review

Probiotics to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very preterm or very low birth weight infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 1518 participants
Low

Probiotics vs control

Necrotising enterocolitis · extremely preterm or extremely low birth weight infants

1 finding from 1 review

Probiotics to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very preterm or very low birth weight infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
10 studies · 1836 participants
Low

Probiotics vs control

Mortality before hospital discharge · extremely preterm or extremely low birth weight infants

1 finding from 1 review

Probiotics to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very preterm or very low birth weight infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 1723 participants
Low

Probiotics vs control

Late‐onset invasive infection (before hospital discharge) · extremely preterm or extremely low birth weight infants

1 finding from 1 review

Probiotics to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very preterm or very low birth weight infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 1533 participants
Low

Probiotics vs control

Neurodevelopmental disability · extremely preterm or extremely low birth weight infants

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Probiotics to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very preterm or very low birth weight infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Prebiotic vs control

Necrotising enterocolitis · very preterm or very low birth weight infants

1 finding from 1 review

Prebiotics to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very preterm or very low birth weight infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 686 participants
Low

Prebiotic vs control

Mortality before hospital discharge · very preterm or very low birth weight infants

1 finding from 1 review

Prebiotics to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very preterm or very low birth weight infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 686 participants
Low

Prebiotic vs control

Late‐onset invasive infection (before hospital discharge) · very preterm or very low birth weight infants

1 finding from 1 review

Prebiotics to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very preterm or very low birth weight infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
7 studies · 686 participants
Low

Prebiotic vs control

Bayley Scales of Infant Development Mental Development Index < 85 (assessed beyond infancy) · very preterm or very low birth weight infants

1 finding from 1 review

Prebiotics to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very preterm or very low birth weight infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 76 participants
Very low

Prebiotic vs control

Bayley Scales of Infant Development Psychomotor Development Index < 85 (assessed beyond infancy) · very preterm or very low birth weight infants

1 finding from 1 review

Prebiotics to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very preterm or very low birth weight infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 68 participants
Very low

Prebiotic vs control

Cerebral palsy · very preterm or very low birth weight infants

1 finding from 1 review

Prebiotics to prevent necrotising enterocolitis in very preterm or very low birth weight infants 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 76 participants
Very low

Dexamethasone vs betamethasone – maternal outcomes

Death · women at risk of preterm birth

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Different corticosteroids and regimens for accelerating fetal lung maturation for babies at risk of preterm birth 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Dexamethasone vs betamethasone – child outcomes

Neurodevelopmental disability · women at risk of preterm birth

Dexamethasone showed no clear difference in neurodevelopmental disability at compared with betamethasone – child outcomes (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Different corticosteroids and regimens for accelerating fetal lung maturation for babies at risk of preterm birth 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.02 [0.85, 1.22]
2 studies · 1151 participants
Moderate

Dexamethasone vs betamethasone – child outcomes

Visual impairment · women at risk of preterm birth

Dexamethasone showed no clear difference in visual impairment compared with betamethasone – child outcomes (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Different corticosteroids and regimens for accelerating fetal lung maturation for babies at risk of preterm birth 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.33 [0.01, 8.15]
1 study · 1227 participants
Low

Dexamethasone vs betamethasone – child outcomes

Hearing impairment · women at risk of preterm birth

Dexamethasone showed no clear difference in hearing impairment compared with betamethasone – child outcomes (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Different corticosteroids and regimens for accelerating fetal lung maturation for babies at risk of preterm birth 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.16 [0.63, 2.16]
1 study · 1227 participants
Moderate