Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

329 questions · 345 findings · 49 reviews · Schizophrenia

No studies found 23 · 6.7%GRADE not reported 17 · 4.9%Very low 117 · 33.9%Low 87 · 25.2%Moderate 91 · 26.4%High 10 · 2.9%

Levomepromazine vs atypical antipsychotics

Leaving the study early ‐ short term ‐ lost to · patients with schizophrenia

Levomepromazine showed no clear difference in leaving the study early ‐ short term ‐ lost to compared with atypical antipsychotics (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Levomepromazine vs Typical antipsychotics

Leaving the study early ‐ short term ‐ due to lack of efficacy · patients with schizophrenia

Levomepromazine showed no clear difference in leaving the study early ‐ short term ‐ due to lack of efficacy compared with typical antipsychotics (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Levomepromazine vs Typical antipsychotics

Withdrawals due to adverse events · patients with schizophrenia

Levomepromazine showed no clear difference in leaving the study early ‐ short term ‐ due to adverse events compared with typical antipsychotics (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Levomepromazine vs atypical antipsychotics

Behaviour: Leaving the study early (short‐term) · patients with schizophrenia

Levomepromazine showed no clear difference in leaving the study early ‐ short term ‐ any reason compared with atypical antipsychotics (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Levomepromazine vs atypical antipsychotics

Withdrawals due to adverse events · patients with schizophrenia

Levomepromazine showed no clear difference in leaving the study early ‐ short term ‐ due to adverse events compared with atypical antipsychotics (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

SULPIRIDE AUGMENTATION OF ANY ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUG vs antipsychotics

Global state: 1. General ‐ no clinically significant improvement ‐ short term < 30% improvement on BPRS · patients with schizophrenia

SULPIRIDE AUGMENTATION OF ANY ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUG showed no clear difference in global state: No clinically important response ‐ short term compared with ANY ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUG (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

SULPIRIDE AUGMENTATION OF ANY ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUG vs antipsychotics

Adverse events: Movement disorder ‐ any extra pyramidal symptoms ‐ short term · patients with schizophrenia

It is very uncertain whether SULPIRIDE AUGMENTATION OF ANY ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUG changes specific adverse effects: 1a. CNS ‐ short term ‐ movement disorder ‐… compared with ANY ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUG (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

SULPIRIDE AUGMENTATION OF ANY ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUG vs antipsychotics

Adverse events: Specific: Weight gain ‐ all doses of depot risperidone ‐ short term Spontaneous reporting by study participants · patients with schizophrenia

SULPIRIDE AUGMENTATION OF ANY ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUG may leads to lower specific adverse effects: 3a. Endocrine system ‐ short term ‐ weight… compared with ANY ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUG (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

SULPIRIDE AUGMENTATION OF ANY ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUG vs antipsychotics

Specific adverse effects: 4. Gastrointestinal system ‐ short term ‐ salavation ‐ too much · patients with schizophrenia

SULPIRIDE AUGMENTATION OF ANY ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUG may leads to lower specific adverse effects: 4. Gastrointestinal system ‐ short term ‐… compared with ANY ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUG (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

SULPIRIDE AUGMENTATION OF ANY ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUG vs antipsychotics

No clinically important response to treatment ‐ short term · patients with schizophrenia

SULPIRIDE AUGMENTATION OF ANY ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUG may leads to lower SENSITIVITY ‐ Global/mental state: No clinically important response… compared with ANY ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUG (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

CLOZAPINE vs Typical antipsychotics

Relapse · patients with schizophrenia

CLOZAPINE probably leads to lower relapse ‐ short term compared with TYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTICS ‐ OVERALL (moderate certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

CLOZAPINE vs Typical antipsychotics

Global state: no improvement ‐ medium termAs defined in each study · patients with schizophrenia

CLOZAPINE probably leads to lower global impression: 1. Not clinically improved ‐ short term compared with TYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTICS (moderate certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Mental state: 1a. Overall no clinically important improvement (BPRS) ‐ short term 25‐30% change BPRS1,2 ( · people with schizophrenia

The intervention showed no clear difference in mental state: 1a. Overall no clinically important improvement (BPRS)… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review