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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

550 questions · 606 findings · 25 reviews · Oral medicine and oral cancer

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No studies found 62 · 10.2%GRADE not reported 428 · 70.6%Very low 69 · 11.4%Low 30 · 5%Moderate 16 · 2.6%High 1 · 0.2%

Hydrocortisone (systemic corticosteroid) vs Placebo or no treatment

Outcome not reported · Participants with a previous or current history of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), diagnosed on history and clinical examination;…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Levamisole (150 mg per day) vs placebo

Decrease in number of ulcers · Participants with a previous or current history of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), diagnosed on history and clinical examination;…

Levamisole (150 mg per day) showed no clear difference in decrease in number of ulcers compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Pentoxifylline vs placebo

Adverse effects · Participants with a previous or current history of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), diagnosed on history and clinical examination;…
1 finding from 1 review
  • Systemic interventions for recurrent aphthous stomatitis (mouth ulcers) 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
    60 days (plus 60-day follow-up)
    Patients receiving pentoxifylline reported more adverse events than those in the placebo group but this was not statistically significant (69% reported adverse effects: dizziness, headaches, stomach upset, increased…
    1 study · 26 participants
    GRADE not reported

Levamisole 50 mg three times per day for days 1 and 2 vs Levamisole 50 mg three times per day for day 1 and placebo for day 2 (lower dose)

Effectiveness · Participants with a previous or current history of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), diagnosed on history and clinical examination;…
1 finding from 1 review
  • Systemic interventions for recurrent aphthous stomatitis (mouth ulcers) 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
    16 weeks
    A trial at high risk of bias (Zissis 1983) compared two different dose regimens of levamisole (treatment 2 days per week for 16 weeks; a third group received placebo). There was inconsistency in the presentation of the…
    1 study
    GRADE not reported

Colchicine (0.5 mg three times per day) vs placebo

Adverse effects · Participants with a previous or current history of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), diagnosed on history and clinical examination;…
1 finding from 1 review
  • Systemic interventions for recurrent aphthous stomatitis (mouth ulcers) 2012 · Cochrane All outcomes
    6 months
    There was a greater percentage of treatment interruptions in the colchicine group due to gastrointestinal adverse effects (Fisher's exact test P=0.009). The review noted potential evidence of harm at a dose of 1.5 mg…
    1 study · 43 participants
    GRADE not reported

LongoVital (herbal plus vitamin component) vs LongoVital (herbal component alone)

Adverse effects · Participants with a previous or current history of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), diagnosed on history and clinical examination;…
1 finding from 1 review

Leukotriene receptor antagonist vs placebo

Pain intensity (0‐10cm visual analogue scale) · Participants with a previous or current history of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), diagnosed on history and clinical examination;…

Montelukast (leukotriene receptor antagonist; 10 mg daily for 1… led to lower pain (visual analogue scale) compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

LongoVital (herbal component alone) vs placebo

Adverse effects · Participants with a previous or current history of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS), diagnosed on history and clinical examination;…
1 finding from 1 review

Morphine vs Tricyclic antidepressant (nortriptyline)

Average pain scores (0-100 VAS) · People with cancer receiving chemotherapy or radiotherapy (or both) who have oral mucositis

Morphine led to lower average pain scores (0-100 VAS) compared with tricyclic antidepressant (nortriptyline); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF; palifermin or repifermin), intravenous vs placebo

Normalcy of diet (mean worst ability to eat, 1 to 4 scale) · Adults with cancer receiving treatment

Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF; palifermin or repifermin),… showed no clear difference in normalcy of diet (mean worst ability to eat, 1 to 4 scale) compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Intestinal trefoil factor (ITF), oral spray vs placebo

Oral mucositis (moderate to severe) · Adults receiving chemotherapy alone for colorectal cancer

Intestinal trefoil factor (ITF), oral spray led to lower oral mucositis (moderate to severe) compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Bethanechol vs Artificial saliva

Dry mouth (xerostomia) · Patients receiving radiotherapy on its own or in addition to chemotherapy to the head and neck region

Bethanechol showed no clear difference in xerostomia (dry mouth, yes/no) compared with artificial saliva; GRADE not reported.

2 findings from 1 review

G‐CSF vs placebo or no treatment

Interruptions to cancer treatment (radiotherapy interruptions) · Adults with cancer receiving treatment

Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) showed no clear difference in interruptions to cancer treatment (radiotherapy interruptions) compared with placebo or no treatment; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), mouthwash vs Sucralfate mouthwash

Interruptions to cancer treatment · Adults receiving radiotherapy to the head and neck

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), mouthwash showed no clear difference in interruptions to cancer treatment compared with sucralfate mouthwash; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Bethanechol vs Artificial saliva

Salivary flow rate (unstimulated) · Patients receiving radiotherapy on its own or in addition to chemotherapy to the head and neck region

Bethanechol led to higher salivary flow rate (unstimulated, ml/min) compared with artificial saliva; GRADE not reported.

2 findings from 1 review

Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF; palifermin or repifermin), intravenous vs placebo

Progression‐free survival · Patients receiving radiotherapy on its own or in addition to chemotherapy to the head and neck region

Palifermin showed no clear difference in progression-free survival compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Bethanechol vs Artificial saliva

Overall survival · Patients receiving radiotherapy on its own or in addition to chemotherapy to the head and neck region

Bethanechol showed no clear difference in overall survival compared with artificial saliva; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Epidermal growth factor (EGF), oral spray vs placebo

Oral mucositis (severe) · Adults with cancer receiving treatment

Epidermal growth factor (EGF), oral spray showed no clear difference in oral mucositis (severe) compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review