Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

458 questions · 466 findings · 48 reviews · Schizophrenia

No studies found 87 · 18.7%GRADE not reported 82 · 17.6%Very low 153 · 32.8%Low 111 · 23.8%Moderate 19 · 4.1%High 14 · 3%

Buspirone vs placebo

Tardive dyskinesia: No clinically important improvement · psychiatric patients (schizophrenia) with antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia

ANXIOLYTIC ‐ BUSPIRONE may leads to lower tardive dyskinesia: No clinically important improvement compared with PLACEBO (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Buspirone vs placebo

Leaving the study early · psychiatric patients (schizophrenia) with antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia

It is very uncertain whether ANXIOLYTIC ‐ BUSPIRONE changes acceptability of treatment (measured by participants leaving the… compared with PLACEBO (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Buspirone vs placebo

Social confidence, social inclusion, social networks, or personalised quality of life ‐ not reported · psychiatric patients (schizophrenia) with antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

ENZYME INHIBITOR ‐ VMAT2‐INHIBITOR (valbenazine) vs placebo

Tardive dyskinesia: No clinically important improvement · 18 to 85 year‐old patients with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, mood disorder, or gastrointestinal disorder +…

ENZYME INHIBITOR ‐ VMAT2‐INHIBITOR (valbenazine) probably leads to lower tardive dyskinesia: 1. No clinically important improvement compared with PLACEBO (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

ENZYME INHIBITOR ‐ VMAT2‐INHIBITOR (valbenazine) vs placebo

Adverse effects ‐ any adverse effect · 18 to 85 year‐old patients with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, mood disorder, or gastrointestinal disorder +…

ENZYME INHIBITOR ‐ VMAT2‐INHIBITOR (valbenazine) showed no clear difference in adverse effects ‐ any adverse effect compared with PLACEBO (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

ENZYME INHIBITOR ‐ VMAT2‐INHIBITOR (valbenazine) vs placebo

Leaving the study early · 18 to 85 year‐old patients with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, mood disorder, or gastrointestinal disorder +…

It is very uncertain whether ENZYME INHIBITOR ‐ VMAT2‐INHIBITOR (valbenazine) changes leaving the study early compared with PLACEBO (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

ALKALOID ‐ DIHYDROGENATED ERGOT ALKALOIDS vs placebo

Tardive dyskinesia: Deterioration of symptoms · female and male 59‐80 (mean) years old patients with antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia

It is very uncertain whether ALKALOID ‐ DIHYDROGENATED ERGOT ALKALOIDS changes tardive dyskinesia: Deterioration of symptoms compared with PLACEBO (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

FATTY ACID ‐ ETHYL‐EPA vs placebo

Adverse effects: EPS: parkinsonism measured by average ESRS change scores · female and male 42 (mean) years old patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia

FATTY ACID ‐ ETHYL‐EPA showed no clear difference in adverse effects: EPS: parkinsonism measured by average ESRS change… compared with PLACEBO (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

FATTY ACID ‐ ETHYL‐EPA vs placebo

Adverse effects: EPS: dystonia measured by average ESRS change scores · female and male 42 (mean) years old patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia

FATTY ACID ‐ ETHYL‐EPA showed no clear difference in adverse effects: EPS: dystonia measured by average ESRS change scores compared with PLACEBO (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

FATTY ACID ‐ ETHYL‐EPA vs placebo

Adverse effects: 2. Extrapyramidal ‐ akathisia · female and male 42 (mean) years old patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia

It is very uncertain whether FATTY ACID ‐ ETHYL‐EPA changes adverse effects: EPS: akathisia measured by average ESRS change scores compared with PLACEBO (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

FATTY ACID ‐ ETHYL‐EPA vs placebo

Leaving the study early · female and male 42 (mean) years old patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia

It is very uncertain whether FATTY ACID ‐ ETHYL‐EPA changes acceptability of treatment (measured by participants leaving the… compared with PLACEBO (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

FATTY ACID ‐ ETHYL‐EPA vs placebo

Social confidence, social inclusion, social networks, or personalised quality of life ‐ not reported · female and male 42 (mean) years old patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Ginkgo biloba vs placebo

Tardive dyskinesia: No clinically important improvement · male 45.2 (mean) years old patients with schizophrenia and antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia

HERB ‐ GINKGO BILOBA probably leads to lower tardive dyskinesia: No clinically important improvement compared with PLACEBO (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Ginkgo biloba vs placebo

Leaving the study early · male 45.2 (mean) years old patients with schizophrenia and antipsychotic‐induced tardive dyskinesia

It is very uncertain whether HERB ‐ GINKGO BILOBA changes acceptability of treatment (measured by participants leaving the… compared with PLACEBO (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review