Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

319 questions · 326 findings · 34 reviews · Airways

No studies found 21 · 6.4%GRADE not reported 22 · 6.7%Very low 20 · 6.1%Low 81 · 24.8%Moderate 132 · 40.5%High 50 · 15.3%

LABA/LAMA vs LABA

Severe exacerbations: low‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80%

LABA/LAMA showed no clear difference in severe exacerbations: low‐risk population compared with LABA (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

LABA/ICS vs LAMA

Moderate to severe exacerbations: high‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80%

LABA/ICS showed no clear difference in moderate to severe exacerbations: high‐risk population compared with LAMA (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

LABA/LAMA vs LABA plus inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)

Moderate to severe exacerbations: low‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80%

LABA/LAMA showed no clear difference in moderate to severe exacerbations: low‐risk population compared with LABA/ICS (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

LABA/ICS vs LAMA

Moderate to severe exacerbations: low‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80%

LABA/ICS showed no clear difference in moderate to severe exacerbations: low‐risk population compared with LAMA (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

LABA/ICS vs LAMA

Severe exacerbations: high‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80%

LABA/ICS showed no clear difference in severe exacerbations: high‐risk population compared with LAMA (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

LABA/ICS vs LABA

Moderate to severe exacerbations: high‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80%

LABA/ICS leads to lower moderate to severe exacerbations: high‐risk population compared with LABA (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

LABA/ICS vs LABA

Moderate to severe exacerbations: low‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80%

LABA/ICS probably leads to lower moderate to severe exacerbations: low‐risk population compared with LABA (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

LABA/ICS vs LABA

Severe exacerbations: high‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80%

LABA/ICS showed no clear difference in severe exacerbations: high‐risk population compared with LABA (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

LABA/LAMA vs LABA plus inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)

Severe exacerbations: high‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80%

LABA/LAMA showed no clear difference in severe exacerbations: high‐risk population compared with LABA/ICS (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

LAMA vs LABA

Moderate to severe exacerbations: low‐risk population · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with predicted FEV1 of less than 80%

LAMA showed no clear difference in moderate to severe exacerbations: low‐risk population compared with LABA (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review