Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

472 questions · 500 findings · 31 reviews · Pregnancy and Childbirth

No studies found 126 · 25.2%GRADE not reported 48 · 9.6%Very low 105 · 21%Low 135 · 27%Moderate 63 · 12.6%High 23 · 4.6%

Oral magnesium vs placebo/no treatment

Composite outcome: symptoms of leg cramps (intensity and frequency) Complete recovery: no leg cramps after treatment · treating leg cramps in pregnancy

It is very uncertain whether oral magnesium changes composite outcome: symptoms of leg cramps (intensity and frequency)… compared with placebo/no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral magnesium vs placebo/no treatment

Side effects (any reported throughout the intervention period) (ALL) · treating leg cramps in pregnancy

Oral magnesium showed no clear difference in side effects ‐ any compared with placebo/no treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral calcium vs no treatment

Frequency of leg cramps after treatment: never · treating leg cramps in pregnancy

It is very uncertain whether oral calcium changes frequency of leg cramps after treatment: never compared with no treatment (very low certainty).

2 findings from 1 review

Oral calcium vs vitamin C

Frequency of leg cramps after treatment: never · treating leg cramps in pregnancy

It is very uncertain whether oral calcium changes frequency of leg cramps after treatment: never compared with oral vitamin C (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral magnesium vs placebo/no treatment

Frequency of leg cramps after treatment: never · treating leg cramps in pregnancy

Oral magnesium may leads to higher frequency of leg cramps after treatment: never compared with placebo/no treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral magnesium vs placebo/no treatment

Frequency: 50% reduction in number of leg cramps · treating leg cramps in pregnancy

Oral magnesium may leads to higher frequency: 50% reduction in number of leg cramps compared with placebo/no treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral magnesium vs placebo/no treatment

Intensity of pain during treatment: mean total scale points The degree of pain was noted in the form, on a scale from 0 to 4 measured over 4 days and nights (0 = no pain, 1 = light pain, 2 = medium pain, 3=strong pain, 4=extreme pain) · treating leg cramps in pregnancy
1 finding from 1 review

Oral magnesium vs placebo/no treatment

At least 50% reduction in pain · treating leg cramps in pregnancy

It is very uncertain whether oral magnesium changes intensity of pain: 50% reduction in pain score 100‐mm visual… compared with placebo/no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral magnesium vs placebo/no treatment

Duration of leg cramps: persisting symptoms after night‐time cramps Always · treating leg cramps in pregnancy

Oral magnesium may leads to lower duration of leg cramps: persisting symptoms after night‐time cramps… compared with placebo/no treatment (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral magnesium vs placebo/no treatment

Duration of leg cramps: persisting symptoms after night‐time cramps Sometimes · treating leg cramps in pregnancy

It is very uncertain whether oral magnesium changes duration of leg cramps: persisting symptoms after night‐time cramps… compared with placebo/no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral magnesium vs placebo/no treatment

Composite outcome: symptoms of leg cramps (intensity and frequency) Partial improvement: decrease in intensity and frequency · treating leg cramps in pregnancy

It is very uncertain whether oral magnesium changes composite outcome: symptoms of leg cramps (intensity and frequency)… compared with placebo/no treatment (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Laxative vs placebo

Adverse effects on babies: loose stools · women in the postpartum period

It is very uncertain whether laxative changes adverse effects on babies: loose stools compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Laxative vs placebo

Adverse effects on babies: diarrhoea · women in the postpartum period

It is very uncertain whether laxative changes adverse effects on babies: diarrhoea compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review