What do systematic reviews say?

Interventions (vitamin B1, mefenamic acid, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (desmopressin, sodium diclofenac, flavonoids)

Interventions (vitamin B1, mefenamic acid, tranexamic acid) showed no clear difference in side effects: vomiting compared with placebo or active comparators (desmopressin, sodium diclofenac,… (low certainty).

• Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.74 [0.25, 2.18]
  1 study · 100 participants
  Low

Ulipristal acetate (all doses) vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Ulipristal acetate (all doses) vs placebo

• Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 24 participants
  Very low

Naproxen vs placebo

• Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 33 participants
  Low

Naproxen vs placebo

• Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 33 participants
  Low

Naproxen vs placebo

Naproxen showed no clear difference in need for additional analgesia (self‐recorded) compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.29 [0.05, 1.8]
  1 study · 33 participants
  Low

Naproxen vs placebo

Naproxen showed no clear difference in side effects: gastrointestinal symptoms compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 2.11 [0.18, 25.17]
  1 study · 33 participants
  Low

Interventions (ibuprofen, tolfenamic acid, aspirin, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (paracetamol, tranexamic acid)

Interventions (ibuprofen, tolfenamic acid, aspirin, tranexamic acid) showed no clear difference in menstrual blood loss (alkaline hematin method) compared with placebo or active comparators (paracetamol, tranexamic acid); GRADE not reported.

• Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  MD 14.11
  Studies not reported
  GRADE not reported
• Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  MD 0.3
  Studies not reported
  GRADE not reported

Interventions (ibuprofen, tolfenamic acid, aspirin, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (paracetamol, tranexamic acid)

Interventions (ibuprofen, tolfenamic acid, aspirin, tranexamic acid) showed no clear difference in duration of bleeding (menstrual diary) compared with placebo or active comparators (paracetamol, tranexamic acid); GRADE not reported.

• Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  MD 0.2
  Studies not reported
  GRADE not reported

Interventions (ibuprofen, tolfenamic acid, aspirin, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (paracetamol, tranexamic acid)

• Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 participants
  GRADE not reported

Interventions (ibuprofen, tolfenamic acid, aspirin, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (paracetamol, tranexamic acid)

• Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Interventions (ibuprofen, tolfenamic acid, aspirin, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (paracetamol, tranexamic acid)

• Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Interventions (ibuprofen, tolfenamic acid, aspirin, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (paracetamol, tranexamic acid)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Interventions (ibuprofen, tolfenamic acid, aspirin, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (paracetamol, tranexamic acid)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Interventions (ibuprofen, tolfenamic acid, aspirin, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (paracetamol, tranexamic acid)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Interventions (vitamin B1, mefenamic acid, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (desmopressin, sodium diclofenac, flavonoids)

• Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 110 participants
  Low
• Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 152 participants
  Low

Interventions (ibuprofen, tolfenamic acid, aspirin, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (paracetamol, tranexamic acid)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Interventions (vitamin B1, mefenamic acid, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (desmopressin, sodium diclofenac, flavonoids)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Interventions (ibuprofen, tolfenamic acid) vs placebo

Interventions (ibuprofen, tolfenamic acid) showed no clear difference in reduction in painful menstruation compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1 [0.11, 8.95]
  1 study · 20 participants
  Low

Interventions (ibuprofen, tolfenamic acid) vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether interventions (ibuprofen, tolfenamic acid) changes menstruation "more painful than normal" compared with placebo (very low certainty).

• Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.71 [0.44, 1.44]
  1 study · 310 participants
  Very low