What do systematic reviews say?

Probiotics vs placebo

Probiotics showed no clear difference in breast pain compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Interventions for preventing mastitis after childbirth 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.81 [0.64, 1.01]
  2 studies · 335 participants
  Low

Breast massage and low frequency pulse treatment vs usual care

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for preventing mastitis after childbirth 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Breast massage and low frequency pulse treatment vs usual care

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for preventing mastitis after childbirth 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Breast massage and low frequency pulse treatment vs usual care

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for preventing mastitis after childbirth 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Breast massage and low frequency pulse treatment vs usual care

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for preventing mastitis after childbirth 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Breast massage and low frequency pulse treatment vs usual care

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for preventing mastitis after childbirth 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Breast massage and low frequency pulse treatment vs usual care

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for preventing mastitis after childbirth 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Probiotics vs placebo

Probiotics may leads to lower number of women with adverse events compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Interventions for preventing mastitis after childbirth 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 108 participants
  Low

Antibiotics vs placebo or usual care

Antibiotics showed no clear difference in incidence of mastitis within 6 months postpartum compared with usual care or placebo (low certainty).

• Interventions for preventing mastitis after childbirth 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.37 [0.1, 1.34]
  3 studies · 429 participants
  Low

Antibiotics vs placebo or usual care

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for preventing mastitis after childbirth 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Parachlorometaxylenol with iodine vs iodine alone

It is very uncertain whether parachlorometaxylenol with iodine changes surgical site infection compared with iodine alone (very low certainty).

• Skin preparation for preventing infection following caesarean section 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.33 [0.04, 2.99]
  1 study · 50 participants
  Very low

Drape vs no drape

It is very uncertain whether drape changes metritis compared with no drape (very low certainty).

• Skin preparation for preventing infection following caesarean section 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.62 [0.29, 9.16]
  1 study · 79 participants
  Very low

Drape vs no drape

• Skin preparation for preventing infection following caesarean section 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 603 participants
  Moderate

Drape vs no drape

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Skin preparation for preventing infection following caesarean section 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Parachlorometaxylenol with iodine vs iodine alone

It is very uncertain whether parachlorometaxylenol with iodine changes endometritis compared with iodine alone (very low certainty).

• Skin preparation for preventing infection following caesarean section 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.88 [0.56, 1.38]
  1 study · 50 participants
  Very low

Parachlorometaxylenol with iodine vs iodine alone

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Skin preparation for preventing infection following caesarean section 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Parachlorometaxylenol with iodine vs iodine alone

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Skin preparation for preventing infection following caesarean section 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Chlorhexidine vs povidone‐iodine

Chlorhexidine gluconate probably leads to lower surgical site infection compared with povidone iodine (moderate certainty).

• Skin preparation for preventing infection following caesarean section 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.72 [0.58, 0.91]
  8 studies · 4323 participants
  Moderate

Chlorhexidine vs povidone‐iodine

Chlorhexidine gluconate showed no clear difference in endometritis compared with povidone iodine (low certainty).

• Skin preparation for preventing infection following caesarean section 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.95 [0.49, 1.86]
  3 studies · 2484 participants
  Low

Chlorhexidine vs povidone‐iodine

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Skin preparation for preventing infection following caesarean section 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found