Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

2,536 questions · 2,637 findings · 315 reviews

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No studies found 608 · 23.1%GRADE not reported 488 · 18.5%Very low 688 · 26.1%Low 540 · 20.5%Moderate 249 · 9.4%High 64 · 2.4%

Copper intrauterine device vs mifepristone (all doses)

Nausea · women seeking emergency contraception

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for emergency contraception 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Copper intrauterine device vs mifepristone (all doses)

Vomiting · women seeking emergency contraception

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for emergency contraception 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Copper intrauterine device vs mifepristone (all doses)

Specific side effects ‐ lower abdominal pain · women seeking emergency contraception

Copper intrauterine device may leads to higher specific side effects ‐ lower abdominal pain compared with mifepristone (all doses) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for emergency contraception 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 73.61 [4.48, 1208.5]
1 study · 285 participants
Low

Copper intrauterine device vs mifepristone (all doses)

Specific side effects ‐ spotting/bleeding after treatment · women seeking emergency contraception

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for emergency contraception 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Copper intrauterine device vs mifepristone (all doses)

Menses ‐ delay · women seeking emergency contraception

Copper intrauterine device may leads to lower menses ‐ delay compared with mifepristone (all doses) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for emergency contraception 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.23 [0.09, 0.64]
1 study · 284 participants
Low

Surgical reimplantation of ureters plus antibiotics vs antibiotics alone

ESKD · primary VUR

It is very uncertain whether surgical reimplantation of ureters plus antibiotics changes ESKD compared with antibiotics alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for primary vesicoureteric reflux 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.07 [0.23, 5.04]
2 studies · 154 participants
Very low

Surgical reimplantation of ureters plus antibiotics vs antibiotics alone

Hypertension · primary VUR

It is very uncertain whether surgical reimplantation of ureters plus antibiotics changes hypertension compared with antibiotics alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for primary vesicoureteric reflux 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.93 [0.25, 3.42]
2 studies · 154 participants
Very low

Surgical reimplantation of ureters plus antibiotics vs antibiotics alone

Number of UTI with microbial resistance (resistant organisms) · primary VUR

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for primary vesicoureteric reflux 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Endoscopic injection treatment vs antibiotics alone

Repeat positive urine culture · primary VUR

It is very uncertain whether endoscopic injection treatment changes repeat positive urine culture by 1 year compared with antibiotics alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for primary vesicoureteric reflux 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 7.15 [0.42, 121.04]
1 study · 60 participants
Very low

Endoscopic injection treatment vs antibiotics alone

Microbial resistance to prophylactic drug · primary VUR

It is very uncertain whether endoscopic injection treatment changes microbial resistance to the prophylactic drug compared with antibiotics alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for primary vesicoureteric reflux 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.63 [0.34, 1.15]
1 study · 24 participants
Very low

Cyclosporin vs mycophenolate mofetil with pulse dexamethasone

Complete remission · idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children

Cyclosporin showed no clear difference in treatment response at 52 weeks: complete remission (primary outcome… compared with mycophenolate mofetil with pulse dexamethasone (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.14 [0.87, 5.24]
1 study · 138 participants
Moderate

Cyclosporin vs mycophenolate mofetil with pulse dexamethasone

Partial remission ( · idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children

Cyclosporin showed no clear difference in treatment response at 52 weeks: partial remission (primary outcome 3) compared with mycophenolate mofetil with pulse dexamethasone (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.09 [0.61, 1.93]
1 study · 138 participants
Moderate

Cyclosporin vs mycophenolate mofetil with pulse dexamethasone

Sustainable remission between 52 and 78 weeks: complete or partial remission (primary outcome 1, 2, 3) · idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children

Cyclosporin showed no clear difference in sustainable remission between 52 and 78 weeks: complete or partial… compared with mycophenolate mofetil with pulse dexamethasone (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.38 [0.9, 2.1]
1 study · 138 participants
Moderate

Cyclosporin vs mycophenolate mofetil with pulse dexamethasone

CKD or death: death by 52 weeks · idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children

Cyclosporin showed no clear difference in CKD or death: death by 52 weeks compared with mycophenolate mofetil with pulse dexamethasone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.18 [0.01, 3.75]
1 study · 138 participants
Low

Cyclosporin vs mycophenolate mofetil with pulse dexamethasone

CKD or death: 50% decline in GFR by 78 weeks · idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children

Cyclosporin showed no clear difference in CKD or death: 50% decline in GFR by 78 weeks compared with mycophenolate mofetil with pulse dexamethasone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.29 [0.46, 11.41]
1 study · 138 participants
Low

Cyclosporin vs mycophenolate mofetil with pulse dexamethasone

Adverse effects (weeks 0 to 26): serious infection requiring hospitalisation · idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children

Cyclosporin showed no clear difference in adverse events (weeks 0 to 26): serious infection requiring… compared with mycophenolate mofetil with pulse dexamethasone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.65 [0.22, 1.96]
1 study · 138 participants
Low

Cyclosporin vs mycophenolate mofetil with pulse dexamethasone

Adverse events: hypertension · idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children

Cyclosporin showed no clear difference in adverse events (weeks 0 to 26): hypertension compared with mycophenolate mofetil with pulse dexamethasone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.68 [0.66, 4.29]
1 study · 138 participants
Low

Oral cyclophosphamide vs prednisone or placebo

Complete remission: all renal pathologies · idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children

Oral cyclophosphamide showed no clear difference in complete remission: all renal pathologies compared with prednisone or placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.06 [0.61, 1.87]
2 studies · 84 participants
Low

Oral cyclophosphamide vs prednisone or placebo

Complete remission: FSGS · idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children

Oral cyclophosphamide showed no clear difference in complete remission: FSGS compared with prednisone or placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.01 [0.43, 2.37]
2 studies · 63 participants
Low

Oral cyclophosphamide vs prednisone or placebo

Complete or partial remission · idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children

Oral cyclophosphamide showed no clear difference in complete or partial remission compared with prednisone or placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.88 [0.53, 1.45]
1 study · 53 participants
Low