Serious adverse eventsi · people receiving palliative care irrespective of whether they had cancer with opioid‐induced bowel dysfunction
Methylnaltrexone may leads to lower serious adverse eventsi compared with placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Laxation response: patient assessment of change in bowel status at the end of trial · people with cancer irrespective of whether receiving palliative care and with opioid‐induced bowel dysfunction
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Adverse events · people receiving palliative care irrespective of whether they had cancer with opioid‐induced bowel dysfunction
Methylnaltrexone may leads to higher adverse events compared with placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Symptoms of opioid withdrawal in the medium term · people with cancer irrespective of whether receiving palliative care and with opioid‐induced bowel dysfunction
It is very uncertain whether naldemedine changes symptoms of opioid withdrawalein the medium termc compared with placebo (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Serious adverse eventsh · people with cancer irrespective of whether receiving palliative care and with opioid‐induced bowel dysfunction
Naldemedine showed no clear difference in serious adverse eventsh compared with placebo (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse events · people with cancer irrespective of whether receiving palliative care and with opioid‐induced bowel dysfunction
Naldemedine probably leads to higher adverse events compared with placebo (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
All‐cause mortality · people with pneumonia
It is very uncertain whether osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) plus routine treatment changes mortality compared with placebo plus routine treatment (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Cure rate · people with pneumonia
It is very uncertain whether osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) plus routine treatment changes cure rate compared with placebo plus routine treatment (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Length of hospital stay · people with pneumonia
1 finding from 1 review
Duration of fever · people with pneumonia
1 finding from 1 review
Duration of total antibiotic therapy ‐ not reported · people with pneumonia
1 finding from 1 review
Duration of ICU stay ‐ not reported · people with pneumonia
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Duration of mechanical ventilation ‐ not reported · people with pneumonia
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Number of participants who were diagnosed with acute URTIs: at least 1 event · children, adults, and the elderly
Intention‐to‐treat analysis: probiotics may leads to lower number of participants who were diagnosed with acute URTIs: at least… compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Number of participants who were diagnosed with acute URTIs: at least 3 events · children, adults, and the elderly
Intention‐to‐treat analysis: probiotics probably leads to lower number of participants who were diagnosed with acute URTIs: at least… compared with placebo or no treatment (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Incidence of acute URTIs during the study period (the number of acute URTIs over a period of time) · children, adults, and the elderly
Intention‐to‐treat analysis: probiotics may leads to lower incidence rate of acute URTIs compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Mean duration of an episode of acute URTIs · children, adults, and the elderly
1 finding from 1 review
Number of participants who were absent from childcare centre, school, or work due to acute URTIs · children, adults, and the elderly
It is very uncertain whether intention‐to‐treat analysis: probiotics changes number of participants who were absent from childcare centre,… compared with placebo or no treatment (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Number of participants who used prescribed antibiotics for acute URTIs · children, adults, and the elderly
Intention‐to‐treat analysis: probiotics probably leads to lower number of participants who used prescribed antibiotics for acute URTIs compared with placebo or no treatment (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Participants with at least some Side Effects · children, adults, and the elderly
Intention‐to‐treat analysis: probiotics showed no clear difference in number of participants who experienced at least 1 side effect or… compared with placebo or no treatment (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review