Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

3,092 questions · 3,199 findings · 339 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 714 · 22.3%GRADE not reported 181 · 5.7%Very low 695 · 21.7%Low 908 · 28.4%Moderate 568 · 17.8%High 133 · 4.2%

Class III antiarrhythmics vs control

Outcomes at > 3 to 6 months after ablation · Human trial participants undergoing ablation for atrial fibrillation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Oral Class I and III antiarrhythmic drugs for maintaining sinus rhythm after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Class III antiarrhythmics vs control

Recurrence of atrial tachyarrhythmias · Human trial participants undergoing ablation for atrial fibrillation

Class III antiarrhythmics showed no clear difference in recurrence of atrial tachyarrhythmias compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral Class I and III antiarrhythmic drugs for maintaining sinus rhythm after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.82 [0.62, 1.09]
2 studies · 318 participants
Low

Class III antiarrhythmics vs control

Adverse events: thromboembolic events · Human trial participants undergoing ablation for atrial fibrillation

It is very uncertain whether class III antiarrhythmics changes adverse events: thromboembolic events compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral Class I and III antiarrhythmic drugs for maintaining sinus rhythm after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
Peto OR 0.96 [0.06, 15.5]
1 study · 212 participants
Very low

Class I and/or III antiarrhythmics vs control

Recurrence of atrial tachyarrhythmias · Human trial participants undergoing ablation for atrial fibrillation

Class I and/or III antiarrhythmics probably leads to lower recurrence of atrial tachyarrhythmias compared with control (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral Class I and III antiarrhythmic drugs for maintaining sinus rhythm after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.85 [0.78, 0.93]
5 studies · 2591 participants
Moderate

Class III antiarrhythmics vs control

Adverse events: myocardial infarction · Human trial participants undergoing ablation for atrial fibrillation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Oral Class I and III antiarrhythmic drugs for maintaining sinus rhythm after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Class III antiarrhythmics vs control

Adverse events: new diagnosis of heart failure · Human trial participants undergoing ablation for atrial fibrillation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Oral Class I and III antiarrhythmic drugs for maintaining sinus rhythm after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Class III antiarrhythmics vs control

Adverse events: requirement for 1 or more hospitalisations for atrial tachyarrhythmia · Human trial participants undergoing ablation for atrial fibrillation

1 finding from 1 review

Oral Class I and III antiarrhythmic drugs for maintaining sinus rhythm after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 participants
GRADE not reported

Class III antiarrhythmics vs control

All‐cause mortality · Human trial participants undergoing ablation for atrial fibrillation

It is very uncertain whether class III antiarrhythmics changes all‐cause mortality compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral Class I and III antiarrhythmic drugs for maintaining sinus rhythm after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
Peto OR 0.13 [0, 6.57]
1 study · 212 participants
Very low

Class III antiarrhythmics vs control

Requirement for 1 or more repeat ablation · Human trial participants undergoing ablation for atrial fibrillation

1 finding from 1 review

Oral Class I and III antiarrhythmic drugs for maintaining sinus rhythm after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 participants
GRADE not reported

Class I and/or III antiarrhythmics vs control

Adverse events: thromboembolic events · Human trial participants undergoing ablation for atrial fibrillation

It is very uncertain whether class I and/or III antiarrhythmics changes adverse events: thromboembolic events compared with control (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral Class I and III antiarrhythmic drugs for maintaining sinus rhythm after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
Peto OR 0.96 [0.06, 15.5]
1 study · 212 participants
Very low

Class I and/or III antiarrhythmics vs control

Adverse events: myocardial infarction · Human trial participants undergoing ablation for atrial fibrillation

1 finding from 1 review

Oral Class I and III antiarrhythmic drugs for maintaining sinus rhythm after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 participants
GRADE not reported

Class I and/or III antiarrhythmics vs control

Adverse events: new diagnosis of heart failure · Human trial participants undergoing ablation for atrial fibrillation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Oral Class I and III antiarrhythmic drugs for maintaining sinus rhythm after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Class I and/or III antiarrhythmics vs control

Adverse events: requirement for 1 or more hospitalisations for atrial tachyarrhythmia · Human trial participants undergoing ablation for atrial fibrillation

1 finding from 1 review

Oral Class I and III antiarrhythmic drugs for maintaining sinus rhythm after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 participants
GRADE not reported

Class I and/or III antiarrhythmics vs control

All‐cause mortality · Human trial participants undergoing ablation for atrial fibrillation

Class I and/or III antiarrhythmics showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality compared with control (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral Class I and III antiarrhythmic drugs for maintaining sinus rhythm after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
Peto OR 1 [0.06, 16.24]
1 study · 90 participants
Low

Class I and/or III antiarrhythmics vs control

Requirement for 1 or more repeat ablation · Human trial participants undergoing ablation for atrial fibrillation

1 finding from 1 review

Oral Class I and III antiarrhythmic drugs for maintaining sinus rhythm after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 participants
GRADE not reported

Class I antiarrhythmics vs control

Outcomes at > 3 to 6 months after ablation · Human trial participants undergoing ablation for atrial fibrillation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Oral Class I and III antiarrhythmic drugs for maintaining sinus rhythm after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Intranasal steroid spray vs placebo

Disease‐specific quality of life · children aged 6 months to 12 years with otitis media with effusion (OME)

1 finding from 1 review

Topical and oral steroids for otitis media with effusion (OME) in children 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low

Intranasal steroid spray vs placebo

Presence/persistence of OME · children aged 6 months to 12 years with otitis media with effusion (OME)

1 finding from 1 review

Topical and oral steroids for otitis media with effusion (OME) in children 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low

Intranasal steroid spray vs placebo

Adverse event: systemic corticosteroid side effects · children aged 6 months to 12 years with otitis media with effusion (OME)

It is very uncertain whether topical (intranasal) steroids changes adverse event: systemic corticosteroid side effects compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Topical and oral steroids for otitis media with effusion (OME) in children 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low

Intranasal steroid spray vs no treatment

Hearing · children aged 6 months to 12 years with otitis media with effusion (OME)

1 finding from 1 review

Topical and oral steroids for otitis media with effusion (OME) in children 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Low