All‐cause mortality · Critically ill patients receiving mechanical ventilation in ICU
Saline rinse showed no clear difference in mortality compared with usual care (no rinse); GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Dental caries · Dentate adults (aged 18 years and older) receiving dental check-ups in UK general dental practices (regular attenders)
Clinical examination with risk-based recall showed no clear difference in dental caries: number of tooth surfaces with any caries (ICDAS 1-6) compared with clinical examination with 24-month recall (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse effects · Critically ill patients receiving mechanical ventilation in ICU
1 finding from 1 review
Incidence of VAP · Critically ill patients receiving mechanical ventilation in ICU
1 finding from 1 review
Cost (patient perspective): total cost per patient (GBP) · Dentate adults (aged 18 years and older) receiving dental check-ups in UK general dental practices (regular attenders)
Clinical examination with risk-based recall led to higher cost (patient perspective): total cost per patient (GBP) compared with clinical examination with 24-month recall; GRADE not reported.
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse effects · Critically ill patients receiving mechanical ventilation in ICU
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse effects (Seguin 2014): no evidence of a difference in acute respiratory distress syndrome (RR 11.00, 95% CI 0.62 to 195.61), agitation and/or hypertension (RR 0.48, 95% CI 0.12 to 1.86), epistaxis (RR 0.14, 95%…
1 study
GRADE not reported
Plaque · Children and adults with mixed levels of ID; setting home, residential, day care, school, mixed or not specified
Electric toothbrush (self, carer or carer-assisted brushing) showed no clear difference in plaque (medium term) compared with manual toothbrush (self, carer or carer-assisted brushing) (low certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
SMD 0.29 [-0.07, 0.65]
2 studies · 120 participants
Low
Assorted plaque indices scale 0-5, 1-4 weeks; 247 participants (4 RCTs); Very Low. Uncertain effect on plaque short term: 2 studies (69 participants) favoured the electric toothbrush; 2 studies (178 participants)…
4 studies · 247 participants
Very low
Behaviour, attitude and self-efficacy (participant/carer preference) · Children and adults with mixed levels of ID; setting home, residential, day care, school, mixed or not specified
1 finding from 1 review
Comparison 2.8 (reported; not GRADE-rated). One NRS (Bratel 1991, 23 participants), self-efficacy at 16 months: 10/12 people with ID using the electric toothbrush reported a preference for it, finding it easier to use…
1 study · 23 participants
GRADE not reported
Gingivitis · Children and adults with mixed levels of ID; setting home, residential, day care, school, mixed or not specified
1 finding from 1 review
Electric vs manual toothbrush. Assorted gingival indices scale 0-4, 2-4 weeks; 252 participants (4 RCTs); Low. Four studies showed no significant differences for gingival inflammation short term; data could not be…
4 studies · 252 participants
Low
Gingivitis · Children aged 7 to 13 years with Down syndrome (mild to moderate ID); setting residential
1 finding from 1 review
Toothpaste with a plaque-disclosing agent vs conventional toothpaste, children with Down syndrome. Ainamo & Bay Gingival Bleeding Index, mean 10 days; percent mean difference 18 (intervention) vs 8 (control), P<0.001…
1 study · 40 participants
Very low
Temporomandibular disorders (TMD), TMJ arthritis/involvement and orofacial pain · Children and adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)
TMD and TMJ arthritis/involvement (and orofacial pain) were consistently reported more frequently in children/adolescents with JIA than in healthy peers, though several studies had small samples; no pooled estimate (ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
Intervention not reported
Untreated dental caries prevalence
1 finding from 1 review
Plaque · Children aged 7 to 13 years with Down syndrome (mild to moderate ID); setting residential
1 finding from 1 review
Simplified Green & Vermillion Oral Hygiene Index (plaque), mean 10 days; percent mean difference 65 (intervention) vs 15 (control), P<0.0001 favouring the disclosing-agent toothpaste; 40 participants (SoF states 80,…
1 study · 40 participants
Very low
Developmental defects of enamel measured by any validated index · Children and adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)
A single small study suggested developmental enamel defects were more frequent in children with JIA, but the evidence is insufficient (1 study; ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
The only study reporting developmental enamel defects [22] found the condition more frequent among children with JIA than healthy peers, but the sample size was too small to draw any reliable conclusion.
1 study · 110 participants
GRADE not reported
Intervention not reported
Dental calculus accumulation
1 finding from 1 review
Dental maturation (tooth calcification) · Children and adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)
Evidence on dental maturation was divergent across two studies (one found more advanced maturation in JIA, one found no difference); no clear conclusion (ungraded).
1 finding from 1 review
Gingival inflammation (medium term) · Children and adults with mixed levels of ID; setting home, residential, day care, school, mixed or not specified
Electric toothbrush (self, carer or carer-assisted brushing) showed no clear difference in gingival inflammation (medium term) compared with manual toothbrush (self, carer or carer-assisted brushing) (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Behaviour, attitude and self-efficacy (carer experience) (medium term) · Children and adults with mixed levels of ID; setting home, residential, day care, school, mixed or not specified
1 finding from 1 review
Comparison 1.6 (graded in the Effects of interventions text; not tabulated in the SoF). Bildt 2010, Superbrush vs conventional, 4 months, 18 participants (1 RCT): carer handling of toothbrush MD 0.50 (95% CI -0.35 to…
1 study · 18 participants
Very low
Plaque · Children and adults with mixed levels of ID; setting home, residential, day care, school, mixed or not specified
It is very uncertain whether special manual toothbrush (self, carer or carer-assisted brushing) changes plaque (short term) compared with conventional manual toothbrush (self, carer or carer-assisted… (very low certainty).
2 findings from 1 review
Gingivitis · Children and adults with mixed levels of ID; setting home, residential, day care, school, mixed or not specified
Special manual toothbrush (self, carer or carer-assisted brushing) showed no clear difference in gingival inflammation (short term) compared with conventional manual toothbrush (self, carer or carer-assisted… (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review