Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

4,756 questions · 13,493 findings · 1,305 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 2,594 · 19.2%GRADE not reported 728 · 5.4%Very low 2,868 · 21.3%Low 3,777 · 28%Moderate 2,620 · 19.4%High 906 · 6.7%

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Interventions (vitamin B1, mefenamic acid, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (desmopressin, sodium diclofenac, flavonoids)

Interventions versus comparisons

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Interventions (vitamin B1, mefenamic acid, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (desmopressin, sodium diclofenac, flavonoids)

Duration of bleeding

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 38 participants
Very low

Interventions (vitamin B1, mefenamic acid, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (desmopressin, sodium diclofenac, flavonoids)

Side effects: gastrointestinal disturbances (diarrhoea, lower abdominal pain), headache and sweating

It is very uncertain whether interventions (vitamin B1, mefenamic acid, tranexamic acid) changes side effects: gastrointestinal disturbances (diarrhoea, lower… compared with placebo or active comparators (desmopressin, sodium diclofenac,… (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 4.69 [1.2, 18.44]
1 study · 38 participants
Very low

Interventions (vitamin B1, mefenamic acid, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (desmopressin, sodium diclofenac, flavonoids)

Menstrual blood loss PBAC score

2 findings from 1 review

Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 100 participants
Low
Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 24 participants
Very low

Interventions (vitamin B1, mefenamic acid, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (desmopressin, sodium diclofenac, flavonoids)

Menstrual blood loss Number of pads (diary record)

2 findings from 1 review

Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 100 participants
Low
Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 110 participants
Low

Interventions (vitamin B1, mefenamic acid, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (desmopressin, sodium diclofenac, flavonoids)

Duration of bleeding Number of bleeding days

2 findings from 1 review

Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 100 participants
Low
Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 290 participants
Very low

Interventions (vitamin B1, mefenamic acid, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (desmopressin, sodium diclofenac, flavonoids)

Adverse effects: headache

Interventions (vitamin B1, mefenamic acid, tranexamic acid) showed no clear difference in side effects: headache compared with placebo or active comparators (desmopressin, sodium diclofenac,… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.58 [0.18, 1.92]
1 study · 100 participants
Low

Interventions (vitamin B1, mefenamic acid, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (desmopressin, sodium diclofenac, flavonoids)

Vomiting

Interventions (vitamin B1, mefenamic acid, tranexamic acid) showed no clear difference in side effects: vomiting compared with placebo or active comparators (desmopressin, sodium diclofenac,… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.74 [0.25, 2.18]
1 study · 100 participants
Low

Ulipristal acetate (all doses) vs placebo

Comparison (intervention vs comparator)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Ulipristal acetate (all doses) vs placebo

Duration of bleeding Total bleeding in 90 days (bleeding calendar)

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 24 participants
Very low

Naproxen vs placebo

Relief of pain

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 33 participants
Low

Naproxen vs placebo

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale)

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 33 participants
Low

Naproxen vs placebo

Additional analgesia required (escape analgesia)

Naproxen showed no clear difference in need for additional analgesia (self‐recorded) compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.29 [0.05, 1.8]
1 study · 33 participants
Low

Naproxen vs placebo

Gastrointestinal effects

Naproxen showed no clear difference in side effects: gastrointestinal symptoms compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 2.11 [0.18, 25.17]
1 study · 33 participants
Low

Interventions (ibuprofen, tolfenamic acid, aspirin, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (paracetamol, tranexamic acid)

Menstrual blood loss: mean loss

Interventions (ibuprofen, tolfenamic acid, aspirin, tranexamic acid) showed no clear difference in menstrual blood loss (alkaline hematin method) compared with placebo or active comparators (paracetamol, tranexamic acid); GRADE not reported.

2 findings from 1 review

Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
MD 14.11
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported
Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
MD 0.3
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported

Interventions (ibuprofen, tolfenamic acid, aspirin, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (paracetamol, tranexamic acid)

Duration of bleeding (menstrual diary)

Interventions (ibuprofen, tolfenamic acid, aspirin, tranexamic acid) showed no clear difference in duration of bleeding (menstrual diary) compared with placebo or active comparators (paracetamol, tranexamic acid); GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
MD 0.2
Studies not reported
GRADE not reported

Interventions (ibuprofen, tolfenamic acid, aspirin, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (paracetamol, tranexamic acid)

Side effects: eye and mouth swelling, stomach cramps, fatigue, irritability (diary record)

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 participants
GRADE not reported

Interventions (ibuprofen, tolfenamic acid, aspirin, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (paracetamol, tranexamic acid)

Menstrual blood loss Menstruation "more abundant than normal" (questionnaire)

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 participants
GRADE not reported

Interventions (ibuprofen, tolfenamic acid, aspirin, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (paracetamol, tranexamic acid)

Side effects: dyspepsia, diarrhoea, headache, fatigue (questionnaire)

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
0 participants
GRADE not reported

Interventions (ibuprofen, tolfenamic acid, aspirin, tranexamic acid) vs placebo or active comparators (paracetamol, tranexamic acid)

Aspirin vs paracetamol

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions to prevent or treat heavy menstrual bleeding or pain associated with intrauterine‐device use 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found