Proportion of participants experiencing global improvement % of dichotomized Likert scale · Patients with acute low‐back pain
1 finding from 1 review
Proportion of participants experiencing adverse events · Patients with acute low‐back pain
It is very uncertain whether selective COX‐2 inhibitors changes proportion of participants experiencing adverse events compared with non‐selective NSAIDs (very low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Pain intensity VAS (0 to 100; 0 = no pain, 100 = worst pain) · patients with non‐specific chronic low back pain
1 finding from 1 review
Pain intensity VAS (0 to 100; 0 = no pain, 100 = worst pain) · patients with non‐specific chronic low back pain
1 finding from 1 review
Back‐specific functional status · patients with non‐specific chronic low back pain
1 finding from 1 review
Physical quality of life · patients with non‐specific chronic low back pain
1 finding from 1 review
QoL: mental health SF‐12 (0 to 100; 0 = poor QoL, 100 = high QoL) · patients with non‐specific chronic low back pain
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse events Self‐reported · patients with non‐specific chronic low back pain
Acupuncture showed no clear difference in adverse events Self‐reported compared with usual care (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Back‐specific functional status · patients with non‐specific chronic low back pain
1 finding from 1 review
QoL · patients with non‐specific chronic low back pain
1 finding from 1 review
Mental health outcomes · patients with non‐specific chronic low back pain
1 finding from 1 review
Adverse events Self‐reported · patients with non‐specific chronic low back pain
Acupuncture showed no clear difference in adverse events Self‐reported compared with sham intervention (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Pain intensity VAS (0 to 100; 0 = no pain, 100 = worst pain) · patients with non‐specific chronic low back pain
1 finding from 1 review
Back‐specific functional status · patients with non‐specific chronic low back pain
1 finding from 1 review
Potential harms ‐ quality of life (QoL) · patients with non‐specific chronic low back pain
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Adverse events Self‐reported · patients with non‐specific chronic low back pain
The review found no eligible studies for this question.
1 finding from 1 review
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found
Low birthweight · women at increased risk of low birthweight babies (maternal outcomes)
Additional support showed no clear difference in birthweight < 2500 g compared with usual care during pregnancy (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Satisfaction with pregnancy care Pregnancy care rated as "very helpful" · women at increased risk of low birthweight babies (maternal outcomes)
Additional support probably leads to higher satisfaction with pregnancy care Pregnancy care rated as "very… compared with usual care during pregnancy (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Gestational age (preterm birth < 37 weeks) · women at increased risk of low birthweight babies (maternal outcomes)
Additional support showed no clear difference in gestational age < 37 weeks at birth compared with usual care during pregnancy (moderate certainty).
1 finding from 1 review
Death of a baby (stillbirth or neonatal death) report of perinatal death · women at increased risk of low birthweight babies (maternal outcomes)
Additional support showed no clear difference in stillbirth/neonatal death compared with usual care during pregnancy (low certainty).
1 finding from 1 review