Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

625 questions · 647 findings · 67 reviews · Pregnancy and Childbirth

No studies found 83 · 12.8%GRADE not reported 70 · 10.8%Very low 141 · 21.8%Low 227 · 35.1%Moderate 97 · 15%High 29 · 4.5%

Cooling treatment (ice pack) vs placebo (water pack)

Maternal views and experiences with treatment ‐ Satisfied with treatment · Women with perineal trauma (tear or episiotomy, or both) sustained during childbirth

It is very uncertain whether cooling treatment (ice pack) changes maternal views and experiences with treatment ‐ Satisfied with… compared with placebo (water pack) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cooling treatment (ice pack) vs placebo (water pack)

Maternal views and experiences with treatment ‐ Would repeat treatment in future childbirth · Women with perineal trauma (tear or episiotomy, or both) sustained during childbirth

It is very uncertain whether cooling treatment (ice pack) changes maternal views and experiences with treatment ‐ Would repeat… compared with placebo (water pack) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Cooling treatment (ice pack) vs placebo (water pack)

Maternal views and experiences with treatment ‐ Would recommend treatment · Women with perineal trauma (tear or episiotomy, or both) sustained during childbirth

It is very uncertain whether cooling treatment (ice pack) changes maternal views and experiences with treatment ‐ Would recommend… compared with placebo (water pack) (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Probiotics vs placebo

Incidence of mastitis within 6 months postpartum · postpartum breastfeeding women

Probiotics may leads to lower incidence of mastitis within 6 months postpartum compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review