What do systematic reviews say?

Local anaesthetic to peritoneal cavity (not subdiaphragmatic) vs control

Local anaesthetic to peritoneal cavity (not subdiaphragmatic) may leads to lower incidence of STP within 4‐8 hours post‐operatively compared with control (low certainty).

• Interventions to reduce shoulder pain following gynaecological laparoscopic procedures 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.23 [0.06, 0.93]
  2 studies · 157 participants
  Low

Local anaesthetic to peritoneal cavity (not subdiaphragmatic) vs control

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions to reduce shoulder pain following gynaecological laparoscopic procedures 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Local anaesthetic to peritoneal cavity (not subdiaphragmatic) vs control

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions to reduce shoulder pain following gynaecological laparoscopic procedures 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Specific technique vs standard techniques

• Interventions to reduce shoulder pain following gynaecological laparoscopic procedures 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  5 studies · 670 participants
  Low

Local anaesthetic to peritoneal cavity (not subdiaphragmatic) vs control

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions to reduce shoulder pain following gynaecological laparoscopic procedures 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Warmed, or warmed and humidified CO2 vs unwarmed and unhumidified CO2

Warmed, or warmed and humidified CO2 showed no clear difference in incidence of STP within 24‐48 hours post‐operatively compared with unwarmed and unhumidified CO2 (low certainty).

• Interventions to reduce shoulder pain following gynaecological laparoscopic procedures 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.81 [0.45, 1.49]
  2 studies · 194 participants
  Low

Warmed, or warmed and humidified CO2 vs unwarmed and unhumidified CO2

• Interventions to reduce shoulder pain following gynaecological laparoscopic procedures 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 157 participants
  Moderate

Warmed, or warmed and humidified CO2 vs unwarmed and unhumidified CO2

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions to reduce shoulder pain following gynaecological laparoscopic procedures 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Warmed, or warmed and humidified CO2 vs unwarmed and unhumidified CO2

• Interventions to reduce shoulder pain following gynaecological laparoscopic procedures 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 95 participants
  Low

Gasless laparoscopy vs CO2 insufflation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions to reduce shoulder pain following gynaecological laparoscopic procedures 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Gasless laparoscopy vs CO2 insufflation

• Interventions to reduce shoulder pain following gynaecological laparoscopic procedures 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 54 participants
  Low

Gasless laparoscopy vs CO2 insufflation

Gasless laparoscopy showed no clear difference in adverse events compared with CO2 insufflation (low certainty).

• Interventions to reduce shoulder pain following gynaecological laparoscopic procedures 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 2.56 [0.25, 26.28]
  1 study · 54 participants
  Low

Gasless laparoscopy vs CO2 insufflation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions to reduce shoulder pain following gynaecological laparoscopic procedures 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Specific technique vs standard techniques

• Interventions to reduce shoulder pain following gynaecological laparoscopic procedures 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 74 participants
  GRADE not reported

Specific technique vs standard techniques

• Interventions to reduce shoulder pain following gynaecological laparoscopic procedures 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  4 studies · 570 participants
  Low

Fluid instillation vs no fluid instillation

Fluid instillation probably leads to lower incidence of STP at 24 hours post‐operatively compared with no fluid instillation (moderate certainty).

• Interventions to reduce shoulder pain following gynaecological laparoscopic procedures 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.38 [0.22, 0.66]
  2 studies · 220 participants
  Moderate

Fluid instillation vs no fluid instillation

• Interventions to reduce shoulder pain following gynaecological laparoscopic procedures 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 205 participants
  Moderate

Fluid instillation vs no fluid instillation

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions to reduce shoulder pain following gynaecological laparoscopic procedures 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Fluid instillation vs no fluid instillation

• Interventions to reduce shoulder pain following gynaecological laparoscopic procedures 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 205 participants
  Low

Intraperitoneal drain vs no intraperitoneal drain

Intraperitoneal drain may leads to lower incidence of STP at 24 hours post‐operatively compared with no intraperitoneal drain (low certainty).

• Interventions to reduce shoulder pain following gynaecological laparoscopic procedures 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.3 [0.2, 0.46]
  3 studies · 417 participants
  Low