What do systematic reviews say?

Uric acid lowering therapies (UAR) vs placebo

Uric acid‐lowering drug showed no clear difference in adverse events (withdrawals due to side effects) compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Pharmacotherapy for hyperuricaemia in hypertensive patients 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.86 [0.43, 8.1]
  3 studies · 241 participants
  Low

Physical activity vs alpha‐blocker

Physical activity showed no clear difference in withdrawal due to adverse events compared with alpha‐blockers (low certainty).

• Physical activity for lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic obstruction 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.86 [0.06, 12.89]
  1 study · 41 participants
  Low

Physical activity vs watchful waiting

It is very uncertain whether physical activity changes withdrawal due to adverse events compared with watchful waiting (very low certainty).

• Physical activity for lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic obstruction 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1 [0.59, 1.69]
  1 study · 56 participants
  Very low

Physical activity as part of self‐management programme vs watchful waiting

• Physical activity for lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic obstruction 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 362 participants
  Very low

Physical activity as part of weight reduction programme vs watchful waiting

It is very uncertain whether physical activity as part of weight reduction programme changes withdrawal due to adverse events compared with watchful waiting (very low certainty).

• Physical activity for lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic obstruction 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.63 [1.03, 2.57]
  1 study · 130 participants
  Very low

Intermittent/cyclic etidronate 400 mg/day vs placebo

Intermittent/cyclic etidronate 400 mg/day showed no clear difference in withdrawals due to adverse events compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Etidronate for the primary and secondary prevention of osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.41 [0.81, 2.47]
  Studies not reported
  Low

Risedronate 5 mg/day vs placebo

Risedronate 5 mg/day showed no clear difference in withdrawals due to adverse events compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Risedronate for the primary and secondary prevention of osteoporotic fractures in postmenopausal women 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.67 [0.38, 1.18]
  Studies not reported
  Low

All doses of cerivastatin vs placebo

It is very uncertain whether all doses of cerivastatin changes withdrawals due to adverse events compared with placebo (very low certainty).

• Cerivastatin for lowering lipids 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.09 [0.68, 1.74]
  11 studies · 6570 participants
  Very low

Naftopidil vs Eviprostat (phytotherapy)

It is very uncertain whether naftopidil changes treatment withdrawals due to adverse events compared with eviprostat (phytotherapy) (very low certainty).

• Naftopidil for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms compatible with benign prostatic hyperplasia 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 49 participants
  Very low