What do systematic reviews say?

C1 esterase inhibitor vs placebo or active control

It is very uncertain whether C1 esterase inhibitor changes serious adverse events (during compared with placebo or active control (very low certainty).

• Interventions for the long‐term prevention of hereditary angioedema attacks 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.34 [0.01, 8.14]
  1 study · 44 participants
  Very low

Discontinuing cholinesterase inhibitor vs continued cholinesterase inhibitor

Discontinuing cholinesterase inhibitor showed no clear difference in serious adverse events (SAEs) compared with continued cholinesterase inhibitor (low certainty).

• Withdrawal or continuation of cholinesterase inhibitors or memantine or both, in people with dementia 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.8 [0.46, 1.39]
  4 studies · 390 participants
  Low

Nanofiltered C1 esterase inhibitor vs placebo or active control

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for the long‐term prevention of hereditary angioedema attacks 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Plasma‐derived C1 esterase inhibitor vs placebo or active control

It is very uncertain whether plasma‐derived C1 esterase inhibitor changes serious adverse events (during compared with placebo or active control (very low certainty).

• Interventions for the long‐term prevention of hereditary angioedema attacks 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.54 [0.09, 3.1]
  1 study · 71 participants
  Very low

Recombinant human C1 esterase inhibitor vs placebo or active control

It is very uncertain whether recombinant human C1 esterase inhibitor changes serious adverse events (during compared with placebo or active control (very low certainty).

• Interventions for the long‐term prevention of hereditary angioedema attacks 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.5 [0.06, 34.66]
  1 study · 29 participants
  Very low

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors (PDE5i) vs placebo

• Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors (PDE5i) for the treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  Moderate

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) vs phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors

• Non‐invasive positive airway pressure therapy for improving erectile dysfunction in men with obstructive sleep apnoea 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 40 participants
  Very low

Donepezil 10 mg/day vs placebo

Donepezil 10 mg showed no clear difference in serious adverse events (excluding death) at 24 weeks compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Cholinesterase inhibitors for vascular dementia and other vascular cognitive impairments: a network meta‐analysis 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.15 [0.81, 1.64]
  2 studies · 813 participants
  Moderate

Donepezil 5 mg vs placebo

Donepezil 5 mg showed no clear difference in serious adverse events (excluding death) at 24 weeks compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Cholinesterase inhibitors for vascular dementia and other vascular cognitive impairments: a network meta‐analysis 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.94 [0.72, 1.22]
  3 studies · 1772 participants
  Moderate

Galantamine vs placebo

Galantamine showed no clear difference in serious adverse events (excluding deaths) at 26 weeks compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Cholinesterase inhibitors for vascular dementia and other vascular cognitive impairments: a network meta‐analysis 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.12 [0.78, 1.59]
  1 study · 786 participants
  Moderate

Rivastigmine vs placebo

Rivastigmine showed no clear difference in serious adverse events (excluding death) at 24 to 26 weeks compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Cholinesterase inhibitors for vascular dementia and other vascular cognitive impairments: a network meta‐analysis 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.42 [0.9, 2.25]
  2 studies · 622 participants
  Low