What do systematic reviews say?

Topical active treatment in combination with moisturiser vs topical active treatment alone

• Emollients and moisturisers for eczema 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 67 participants
  Low

Prevention of UI after radical: one active treatment vs another active treatment (PFMT + penile vibration pre and post‐operation versus PFMT pre and post‐operation)

• Conservative management for postprostatectomy urinary incontinence 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Prevention of UI after radical: one active treatment vs another active treatment (pre‐operative PFMT + electrical stimulation versus pre‐operative PFMT)

• Conservative management for postprostatectomy urinary incontinence 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 34 participants
  Very low

Treatment of UI after radical: one active treatment vs other active intervention

• Conservative management for postprostatectomy urinary incontinence 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 24 participants
  Low

Active treatment vs observation

• Interventions for the eradication of meticillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in people with cystic fibrosis 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 45 participants
  Low

Prevention of UI after radical: one active treatment vs another active treatment (PFMT pre and post‐operation versus PFMT post‐operation)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Conservative management for postprostatectomy urinary incontinence 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Intervention not reported

• Probiotics for treating eczema 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 358 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

• Probiotics for treating eczema 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  6 studies · 552 participants
  Low

High‐treatment‐dose vitamin D (greater than 1000 IU/day) vs low‐treatment‐dose vitamin D (400 IU/day to 1000 IU/day)

• Vitamin D for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 46 participants
  Very low

Any antifungal intervention for the treatment of oral candidiasis vs Placebo, no treatment, or another active antifungal intervention

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for treating oral candidiasis for patients with cancer receiving treatment 2010 · Cochrane All outcomes
  None of the studies reported: relief of pain, relief of dysphagia, incidence of systemic infection, amount of analgesia, days stay in hospital, cost of oral care, patient quality of life.
  0 studies
  No studies found

Any‐treatment‐dose vitamin D (greater than 400 IU/day) vs supplemental‐dose vitamin D (less than 400 IU/day)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Vitamin D for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Any intervention to manage relapse: fixed options (labial braces, lingual braces, fixed lingual wire) or removable options (Hawley's retainer with spring elastomeric module, Bloore removable aligner, other Hawley's retainer modifications, Invisalign, Clearstep) vs no intervention or another intervention

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for managing relapse of the lower front teeth after orthodontic treatment 2013 · Cochrane All outcomes
  No RCTs met the inclusion criteria for this review. After deduplication, the electronic searching identified 527 publications; after reviewing the titles and abstracts, none focused on interventions to correct the…
  0 studies
  No studies found

Summary of findings table ‐ Bladder training vs no treatment

• Bladder training for treating overactive bladder in adults 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

Periodontal treatment (subgingival instrumentation, with or without antimicrobials/surgery) vs usual care or no treatment

• Treatment of periodontitis for glycaemic control in people with diabetes mellitus 2022 · Cochrane All outcomes

  3-4 months
  Three studies measured QoL. Vergnes 2018: overall GOHAI adjusted MD 7.0 (95% CI 2.4 to 11.6), 79 participants (better oral health-related QoL); no clear change in general SF-36 QoL. D'Aiuto 2018 ADDQoL better in…
  3 studies
  GRADE not reported

Summary of findings table ‐ Bladder training vs pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT)

• Bladder training for treating overactive bladder in adults 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 178 participants
  Low

Summary of findings table ‐ Bladder training vs anticholinergics

• Bladder training for treating overactive bladder in adults 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 117 participants
  Very low

Electrical stimulation vs No active treatment (control)

• Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted electrodes for overactive bladder in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 148 participants
  Low

Active education + Support for implementation vs Routine care or Passive dissemination

• Implementation of treatment guidelines for specialist mental health care 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  0 studies · 0 participants
  GRADE not reported

PFMT added to bladder training vs bladder training alone

• Pelvic floor muscle training added to another active treatment versus the same active treatment alone for urinary… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 118 participants
  Very low

Electrical stimulation vs Placebo / sham solution

• Electrical stimulation with non‐implanted electrodes for overactive bladder in adults 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  7 studies · 627 participants
  Low