Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

3 questions · 9 findings · 1 reviews · Orthodontics

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No studies found 1 · 11.1%GRADE not reported 6 · 66.7%Very low 1 · 11.1%Low 1 · 11.1%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%

Ice/cryotherapy vs placebo or no intervention

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · People undergoing orthodontic treatment (any age; 9 to 34 years in included studies)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐pharmacological interventions for alleviating pain during orthodontic treatment 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Low‐level laser therapy vs Placebo (or no irradiation)

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · Adolescents and adults undergoing orthodontic treatment

Low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) showed no clear difference in patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or… compared with placebo (or no irradiation); GRADE not reported.

5 findings from 1 review

Non‐pharmacological interventions for alleviating pain during orthodontic treatment 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
6 hours
MD -10.63 [-22.33, 1.07]
2 studies · 118 participants
GRADE not reported
Non‐pharmacological interventions for alleviating pain during orthodontic treatment 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
7 days
MD -6.39 [-8.65, -4.13]
1 study · 58 participants
GRADE not reported
Non‐pharmacological interventions for alleviating pain during orthodontic treatment 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
6 to 54 hours · Studies using bespoke pain scales
Two further studies (160 participants) used bespoke assessments. Harazaki 1997 (84 participants): slightly lower proportion reporting severe pain in the intervention group, no inferential statistics. Turhani 2006 (76…
2 studies · 160 participants
GRADE not reported

Show 2 more findings

Non‐pharmacological interventions for alleviating pain during orthodontic treatment 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
3 days
MD -10.76 [-13.80, -7.73]
2 studies · 118 participants
GRADE not reported
Non‐pharmacological interventions for alleviating pain during orthodontic treatment 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
24 hours
MD -20.27 [-24.50, -16.04]
2 studies · 118 participants
Low

CBT vs No special instructions (control)

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · Adults undergoing orthodontic treatment

Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) led to lower patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or… compared with no special instructions (control); GRADE not reported.

3 findings from 1 review

Non‐pharmacological interventions for alleviating pain during orthodontic treatment 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
3 days
MD -27.91 [-40.10, -15.72]
1 study · 24 participants
GRADE not reported
Non‐pharmacological interventions for alleviating pain during orthodontic treatment 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
7 days
MD -6.50 [-17.64, 4.64]
1 study · 24 participants
GRADE not reported
Non‐pharmacological interventions for alleviating pain during orthodontic treatment 2016 · Cochrane All outcomes
24 hours
MD -20.67 [-32.12, -9.22]
1 study · 24 participants
Very low