Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

46 questions · 54 findings · 15 reviews · Back and Neck

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No studies found 1 · 1.9%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 13 · 24.1%Low 14 · 25.9%Moderate 18 · 33.3%High 8 · 14.8%

NSAIDs vs placebo

Pain intensity VAS (0 to 100; 0 = no pain, 100 = worst pain) · Patients with acute low‐back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for acute low back pain 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 815 participants
Moderate

Selective COX‐2 inhibitors vs NSAIDs

Change in pain intensity from baseline on VAS (0 to 100) short‐term · Patients with acute low‐back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs for acute low back pain 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 437 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Low back pain, long term Visual analogue scale (VAS 0 to 100) · participants with lumbar spinal stenosis

1 finding from 1 review

Rehabilitation following surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
373 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Low back pain, short term Visual analogue scale (VAS 0 to 100) · participants with lumbar spinal stenosis

1 finding from 1 review

Rehabilitation following surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
340 participants
Moderate

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS FOR DECOMPRESSION vs fusion

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · patients with lumbar stenosis

It is very uncertain whether SUMMARY OF FINDINGS FOR DECOMPRESSION changes pain Long‐term (≥ 12 months) Pain scores converted to 0 to 100 scale… compared with FUSION (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Surgical options for lumbar spinal stenosis 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 380 participants
Very low

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS FOR FUSION vs INTERSPINOUS SPACERS

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · patients with lumbar stenosis

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS FOR FUSION showed no clear difference in pain Long‐term (≥ 12 months) Pain scores converted to 0 to 100 scale… compared with INTERSPINOUS SPACERS (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Surgical options for lumbar spinal stenosis 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
Mean difference 5.35
2 studies · 308 participants
Low

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS FOR DECOMPRESSION vs INTERSPINOUS SPACERS

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · patients with lumbar stenosis

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS FOR DECOMPRESSION showed no clear difference in pain Long‐term (≥ 12 months) Pain scores converted to 0 to 100 scale… compared with INTERSPINOUS SPACERS (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Surgical options for lumbar spinal stenosis 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 328 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Pain VAS (0 to 100) · patients with acute low back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Motor control exercise for acute non‐specific low back pain 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 58 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Pain VAS (0 to 100) · patients with acute low back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Motor control exercise for acute non‐specific low back pain 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 89 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Pain VAS (0 to 100) · patients with acute low back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Motor control exercise for acute non‐specific low back pain 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 33 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Pain VAS (0 to 100) Long‐term · patients with non‐specific chronic low back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Motor control exercise for chronic non‐specific low‐back pain 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 406 participants
High

Intervention not reported

Pain VAS (0 to 100) Long‐term · patients with non‐specific chronic low back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Motor control exercise for chronic non‐specific low‐back pain 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 279 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Pain VAS (0 to 100) Long‐term · patients with non‐specific chronic low back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Motor control exercise for chronic non‐specific low‐back pain 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
5 studies · 643 participants
High

Intervention not reported

Pain VAS (0 to 100) Short‐term · patients with non‐specific chronic low back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Motor control exercise for chronic non‐specific low‐back pain 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
13 studies · 872 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Pain VAS (0 to 100) Short‐term · patients with non‐specific chronic low back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Motor control exercise for chronic non‐specific low‐back pain 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 291 participants
Moderate

Intervention not reported

Pain VAS (0 to 100) Short‐term · patients with non‐specific chronic low back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Motor control exercise for chronic non‐specific low‐back pain 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 68 participants
Low

Intervention not reported

Pain VAS (0 to 100) Short‐term · patients with non‐specific chronic low back pain

1 finding from 1 review

Motor control exercise for chronic non‐specific low‐back pain 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 282 participants
Moderate

Traction vs Placebo or no active treatment

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · people with low‐back pain with and without sciatica

1 finding from 1 review

Traction for low‐back pain with or without sciatica 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 60 participants
Moderate

Traction vs another type of traction

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · people with low‐back pain with and without sciatica

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Traction for low‐back pain with or without sciatica 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Traction vs any other treatment

Patient‐reported pain intensity or pain relief (VAS, NRS or categorical scale) · people with low‐back pain with and without sciatica

1 finding from 1 review

Traction for low‐back pain with or without sciatica 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 304 participants
Moderate