What do systematic reviews say?

Biochemotherapy vs chemotherapy alone

Biochemotherapy showed no clear difference in overall survival† compared with chemotherapy (high certainty).

• Systemic treatments for metastatic cutaneous melanoma 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.94 [0.84, 1.06]
  1317 participants
  High

Polychemotherapy vs chemotherapy alone

Polychemotherapy showed no clear difference in overall survival† compared with chemotherapy (high certainty).

• Systemic treatments for metastatic cutaneous melanoma 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.99 [0.85, 1.16]
  594 participants
  High

Anti‐angiogenic drugs plus chemotherapy vs chemotherapy alone

Anti‐angiogenic drugs plus chemotherapy probably leads to lower overall survival† compared with chemotherapy (moderate certainty).

• Systemic treatments for metastatic cutaneous melanoma 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.6 [0.45, 0.81]
  324 participants
  Moderate

Anti‐CTLA4 monoclonal antibodies plus chemotherapy vs chemotherapy alone

Anti‐CTLA4 monoclonal antibodies plus chemotherapy showed no clear difference in overall survival† compared with chemotherapy (low certainty).

• Systemic treatments for metastatic cutaneous melanoma 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.81 [0.65, 1.01]
  1157 participants
  Low

Neoadjuvant immunotherapy (combined ipilimumab and nivolumab) vs adjuvant immunotherapy (combined ipilimumab and nivolumab)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Neoadjuvant treatment for stage III and IV cutaneous melanoma 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Neoadjuvant immunotherapy (combined ipilimumab and nivolumab) vs neoadjuvant immunotherapy (sequential treatment with ipilimumab then nivolumab)

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Neoadjuvant treatment for stage III and IV cutaneous melanoma 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Neoadjuvant immunotherapy (high dose interferon) plus chemotherapy vs neoadjuvant chemotherapy

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Neoadjuvant treatment for stage III and IV cutaneous melanoma 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Neoadjuvant immunotherapy (combined ipilimumab and nivolumab) vs neoadjuvant immunotherapy (nivolumab)

• Neoadjuvant treatment for stage III and IV cutaneous melanoma 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 23 participants
  Moderate

Neoadjuvant immunotherapy (talimogene laherparepvec) vs no neoadjuvant treatment

It is very uncertain whether neoadjuvant immunotherapy (talimogene laherparepvec) changes overall survival (OS), measured by the number of deaths over time, compared with no neoadjuvant treatment (very low certainty).

• Neoadjuvant treatment for stage III and IV cutaneous melanoma 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.49 [0.15, 1.64]
  1 study · 150 participants
  Very low

Anti‐PD1 monoclonal antibodies vs chemotherapy alone

Anti‐PD1 monoclonal antibodies leads to lower overall survival† compared with chemotherapy (high certainty).

• Systemic treatments for metastatic cutaneous melanoma 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.42 [0.37, 0.48]
  418 participants
  High

BRAF inhibitors vs chemotherapy alone

BRAF inhibitors leads to lower overall survival† compared with chemotherapy (high certainty).

• Systemic treatments for metastatic cutaneous melanoma 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.4 [0.28, 0.57]
  925 participants
  High

MEK inhibitors vs chemotherapy alone

MEK inhibitors showed no clear difference in overall survival† compared with chemotherapy (low certainty).

• Systemic treatments for metastatic cutaneous melanoma 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.85 [0.58, 1.25]
  496 participants
  Low