What do systematic reviews say?

TG4010 added to chemotherapy vs chemotherapy alone

TG4010 added to chemotherapy showed no clear difference in overall survival compared with chemotherapy alone (low certainty).

• Therapeutic vaccines for advanced non‐small cell lung cancer 2024 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.83 [0.65, 1.05]
  2 studies · 370 participants
  Low

First‐line chemotherapy vs BSC

• Chemotherapy versus best supportive care for extensive small cell lung cancer 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 65 participants
  Very low

Platinum doublet vs non‐platinum therapy

Platinum doublet probably leads to lower overall survival compared with non‐platinum therapy (moderate certainty).

• Best first‐line therapy for people with advanced non‐small cell lung cancer, performance status 2 without a targetable… 2023 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.67 [0.57, 0.78]
  7 studies · 697 participants
  Moderate

ALK inhibitor vs any cytotoxic chemotherapy

ALK inhibitor leads to lower overall survival compared with any cytotoxic chemotherapy (high certainty).

• Targeted therapy for advanced anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)‐rearranged non‐small cell lung cancer 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.84 [0.72, 0.97]
  6 studies · 1611 participants
  High

Intervention not reported

The intervention may leads to lower overall survival (low certainty).

• Chemotherapy versus best supportive care for extensive small cell lung cancer 2013 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.73 [0.55, 0.96]
  2 studies · 542 participants
  Low

Single‐immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) vs chemotherapy alone

Single‐immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) probably leads to lower overall survival (OS) compared with chemotherapy (moderate certainty).

• Single or combined immune checkpoint inhibitors compared to first‐line platinum‐based chemotherapy with or without… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.68 [0.6, 0.76]
  6 studies · 2111 participants
  Moderate

Combined immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) vs chemotherapy alone

Combined immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) probably leads to lower overall Survival (OS) compared with chemotherapy (moderate certainty).

• Single or combined immune checkpoint inhibitors compared to first‐line platinum‐based chemotherapy with or without… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.72 [0.59, 0.89]
  2 studies · 612 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in overall survival (Duration of (high certainty).

• Immunotherapy (excluding checkpoint inhibitors) for stage I to III non‐small cell lung cancer treated with surgery or… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.94 [0.84, 1.05]
  4 studies · 3848 participants
  High

Afatinib vs chemotherapy alone

Afatinib showed no clear difference in overall survival compared with chemotherapy (high certainty).

• First‐line treatment of advanced epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation positive non‐squamous non‐small cell… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.91 [0.75, 1.1]
  2 studies · 709 participants
  High

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in overall survival: 2‐year survival rate (moderate certainty).

• Immunotherapy (excluding checkpoint inhibitors) for stage I to III non‐small cell lung cancer treated with surgery or… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.02 [0.93, 1.12]
  7 studies · 4420 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in overall survival: 3‐year survival rate (moderate certainty).

• Immunotherapy (excluding checkpoint inhibitors) for stage I to III non‐small cell lung cancer treated with surgery or… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.99 [0.9, 1.09]
  7 studies · 4420 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in overall survival: 5‐year survival rate (moderate certainty).

• Immunotherapy (excluding checkpoint inhibitors) for stage I to III non‐small cell lung cancer treated with surgery or… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.98 [0.86, 1.12]
  7 studies · 4389 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The intervention showed no clear difference in overall survival: 1‐year survival rate  (low certainty).

• Immunotherapy (excluding checkpoint inhibitors) for stage I to III non‐small cell lung cancer treated with surgery or… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.02 [0.96, 1.08]
  7 studies · 4420 participants
  Low

Gefitinib vs chemotherapy alone

Gefitinib showed no clear difference in overall survival (OS) compared with chemotherapy (moderate certainty).

• Gefitinib for advanced non‐small cell lung cancer 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.98 [0.91, 1.46]
  2 studies · 275 participants
  Moderate
• Gefitinib for advanced non‐small cell lung cancer 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 1.02 [0.91, 1.15]
  2 studies · 1607 participants
  Moderate

Next‐generation ALK inhibitor vs crizotinib

Next‐generation ALK inhibitor probably leads to lower overall survival compared with crizotinib (moderate certainty).

• Targeted therapy for advanced anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)‐rearranged non‐small cell lung cancer 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.71 [0.56, 0.9]
  5 studies · 1263 participants
  Moderate

Non‐platinum therapies vs platinum combination

Non‐platinum therapies probably leads to lower overall survival compared with platinum combination (moderate certainty).

• Chemotherapy for advanced non‐small cell lung cancer in the elderly population 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.76
  13 studies · 13 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

The intervention leads to lower overall survival1 (high certainty).

• Chemotherapy with cetuximab versus chemotherapy alone for chemotherapy‐naive advanced non‐small cell lung cancer 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.87 [0.79, 0.96]
  4 studies · 2018 participants
  High

Non‐platinum single‐agent vs non‐platinum combination treatment

Non‐platinum single‐agent may leads to lower overall survival (OS) compared with non‐platinum combination treatment (low certainty).

• Chemotherapy for advanced non‐small cell lung cancer in the elderly population 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  HR 0.92
  5 studies · 1294 participants
  Low

Intervention not reported

• Radical multimodality therapy for malignant pleural mesothelioma 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 54 participants
  Moderate

Intervention not reported

• Radical multimodality therapy for malignant pleural mesothelioma 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 50 participants
  Moderate