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What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

3 questions · 4 findings · 2 reviews · All outcomes

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No studies found 1 · 25%GRADE not reported 2 · 50%Very low 1 · 25%Low 0 · 0%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%

GM-CSF vs placebo or no treatment

Number of days of treatment with opioid analgesics · Adults with cancer receiving treatment

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) led to lower number of days of treatment with opioid analgesics compared with placebo or no treatment; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF; palifermin or repifermin), intravenous vs placebo

Number of days of treatment with opioid analgesics · Adults with cancer receiving treatment

Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF; palifermin or repifermin),… showed no clear difference in number of days of treatment with opioid analgesics compared with placebo; GRADE not reported.

1 finding from 1 review

Oral cryotherapy (ice chips, ice-cold water, ice cubes or crushed ice held in the mouth during cancer treatment) vs no intervention or control intervention (control)

Number of days of treatment with opioid analgesics · All patients with cancer who are receiving treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

2 findings from 1 review