Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

25 questions · 25 findings · 12 reviews · Headline outcomes only

No studies found 7 · 28%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 10 · 40%Low 5 · 20%Moderate 1 · 4%High 2 · 8%

Terlipressin vs other vasoactive drugs

Non‐serious adverse events: diarrhoea or abdominal pain, or both · people with cirrhosis and hepatorenal syndrome

It is very uncertain whether terlipressin changes non‐serious adverse events: diarrhoea or abdominal pain, or both compared with other vasoactive drugs (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Non‐serious adverse events · people with pressure ulcers

The intervention may leads to higher non‐serious adverse events (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Lactulose vs lactitol

Non‐serious adverse events (secondary outcome) · prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in people with cirrhosis

It is very uncertain whether lactulose changes non‐serious adverse events (secondary outcome) compared with lactitol (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Non‐absorbable disaccharides vs placebo or no intervention

Non‐serious adverse events (secondary outcome) · prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in people with cirrhosis

It is very uncertain whether non‐absorbable disaccharides changes non‐serious adverse events (secondary outcome) compared with placebo/no intervention (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

L‐ornithine L‐aspartate vs lactulose

Non‐serious adverse events assessed using ICH‐GCP · people with cirrhosis who had minimal or overt hepatic encephalopathy or who were at risk for developing hepatic encephalopathy;…

It is very uncertain whether L‐ornithine L‐aspartate changes non‐serious adverse events assessed using ICH‐GCP compared with lactulose (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

L‐ornithine L‐aspartate vs probiotic

Non‐serious adverse events assessed using ICH‐GCP · people with cirrhosis who had minimal or overt hepatic encephalopathy or who were at risk for developing hepatic encephalopathy;…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

L‐ornithine L‐aspartate vs rifaximin

Non‐serious adverse events assessed using ICH‐GCP · people with cirrhosis who had minimal or overt hepatic encephalopathy or who were at risk for developing hepatic encephalopathy;…

It is very uncertain whether L‐ornithine L‐aspartate changes non‐serious adverse events assessed using ICH‐GCP compared with rifaximin (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Rifaximin vs non‐absorbable disaccharide

Non‐serious adverse events ‐ total number of participants · prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in people with cirrhosis

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Rifaximin changes non‐serious adverse events ‐ total number of participants compared with non‐absorbable disaccharide (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Rifaximin plus non‐absorbable disaccharides vs non‐absorbable disaccharide

Non‐serious adverse events ‐ total number of participants · prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in people with cirrhosis

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Rifaximin plus non‐absorbable… changes non‐serious adverse events ‐ total number of participants compared with non‐absorbable disaccharides alone (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Summary of findings table ‐ Rifaximin vs placebo or no intervention

Non‐serious adverse events ‐ total number of particiapnts · prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in people with cirrhosis

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings table ‐ Rifaximin changes non‐serious adverse events ‐ total number of particiapnts compared with placebo/no intervention (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Non‐serious local adverse events (all included trials) ICH‐GCP 1997 · patients with preventing hepatitis A.

The intervention showed no clear difference in non‐serious local adverse events (all included trials) ICH‐GCP 1997 (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Non‐serious local adverse events (low risk of bias) inactivated HAV vaccine ICH‐GCP 1997 · patients with preventing hepatitis A.

The intervention showed no clear difference in non‐serious local adverse events (low risk of bias) inactivated HAV… (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Non‐serious systemic adverse events (low risk of bias) inactivated HAV vaccine ICH‐GCP 1997 · patients with preventing hepatitis A.

The intervention showed no clear difference in non‐serious systemic adverse events (low risk of bias) inactivated… (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Non‐serious local adverse events (low risk of bias) live attenuated HAV vaccine ICH‐GCP 1997 · patients with preventing hepatitis A.

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Non‐serious systemic adverse events (all included studies) inactivated HAV vaccine ICH‐GCP 1997 · patients with preventing hepatitis A.

The intervention showed no clear difference in non‐serious systemic adverse events (all included studies)… (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Non‐serious systemic adverse events (low risk of bias) live attenuated HAV vaccine ICH‐GCP 1997 · patients with preventing hepatitis A.

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Non‐serious local adverse events (all included studies) live attenuated HAV vaccine ICH‐GCP 1997 · patients with preventing hepatitis A.

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Intervention not reported

Non‐serious systemic adverse events (all included studies) live attenuated HAV vaccine ICH‐GCP 1997 · patients with preventing hepatitis A.

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review