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What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

4 questions · 4 findings · 2 reviews · Pregnancy and Childbirth

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No studies found 0 · 0%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 2 · 50%Low 2 · 50%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%

Opioids vs placebo

Need for additional pain relief (6 to 8 hours) · women who have given birth vaginally, requiring analgesia for after‐birth pains.

Opioid may leads to lower need for additional pain relief (6 to 8 hours) compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

NSAIDs vs placebo

Additional pain relief · women who have given birth vaginally, requiring analgesia for after‐birth pains.

NSAID may leads to lower need for additional pain relief (5 to 8 hours) compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Paracetamol vs placebo

Need for additional pain relief (up to 4 hours) · women who have given birth vaginally, requiring analgesia for after‐birth pains.

It is very uncertain whether paracetamol changes need for additional pain relief (up to 4 hours) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Aspirin vs placebo

Need for additional pain relief (4 to 8 hours) · women with perineal pain in the early postpartum period

It is very uncertain whether aspirin changes need for additional pain relief (4 to 8 hours) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review