Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

4 questions · 4 findings · 3 reviews · Anaesthesia

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No studies found 0 · 0%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 1 · 25%Low 3 · 75%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%

Time‐directed extubation protocol vs usual care

Mortality ‐ Death at any time after surgery · adult cardiac surgical patients

Time‐directed extubation protocol showed no clear difference in mortality ‐ Death at any time after surgery compared with usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Fast‐track cardiac care for adult cardiac surgical patients 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
OR 0.8 [0.45, 1.45]
10 studies · 1802 participants
Low

Protocol using standard measures such as CVP vs usual care

All‐cause mortality · patients with perioperative fluid optimization

Protocol using standard measures such as CVP showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality compared with usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Perioperative fluid volume optimization following proximal femoral fracture 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.81 [0.61, 12.81]
1 study · 60 participants
Low

Advanced haemodynamic monitoring vs usual care

All‐cause mortality · patients with perioperative fluid optimization

Advanced haemodynamic monitoring showed no clear difference in all‐cause mortality compared with usual care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Perioperative fluid volume optimization following proximal femoral fracture 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.45 [0.07, 2.95]
3 studies · 213 participants
Low

Preoperative inspiratory muscle training vs usual care, non‐exercise intervention

Mortality In the early postoperative period (≤ 30 days) · adult participants undergoing cardiac and major abdominal surgery

It is very uncertain whether preoperative inspiratory muscle training changes all‐cause mortality within 30 days during postoperative period compared with usual care, non‐exercise intervention (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Preoperative inspiratory muscle training for postoperative pulmonary complications in adults undergoing cardiac and… 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.4 [0.04, 4.23]
7 studies · 431 participants
Very low