What do systematic reviews say?

C1 esterase inhibitor vs placebo or active control

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for the long‐term prevention of hereditary angioedema attacks 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Nanofiltered C1 esterase inhibitor vs placebo or active control

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for the long‐term prevention of hereditary angioedema attacks 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Plasma‐derived C1 esterase inhibitor vs placebo or active control

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for the long‐term prevention of hereditary angioedema attacks 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Recombinant human C1 esterase inhibitor vs placebo or active control

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for the long‐term prevention of hereditary angioedema attacks 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors vs placebo

Phosphodiesterase‐4 inhibitors showed no clear difference in mortality compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Phosphodiesterase‐4 inhibitors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.98 [0.77, 1.24]
  27 studies · 19786 participants
  Moderate

Rivastigmine vs placebo

Cholinesterase inhibitors (rivastigmine) showed no clear difference in mortality compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Cholinesterase inhibitors for the treatment of delirium in non‐ICU settings 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.1 [0.01, 1.56]
  1 study · 15 participants
  Low

Prophylactic cholinesterase inhibitor vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Interventions for preventing delirium in hospitalised non‐ICU patients 2016 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i vs placebo, on combination therapy

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i showed no clear difference in mortality compared with placebo, on combination therapy (moderate certainty).

• Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.26 [0.07, 1.06]
  3 studies · 492 participants
  Moderate

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i vs ERA

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i showed no clear difference in mortality compared with ERA (moderate certainty).

• Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 3.19 [0.74, 13.64]
  2 studies · 272 participants
  Moderate

Group 2 Pulmonary hypertension due to left‐heart disease ‐ PDE5i vs placebo

Group 2 Pulmonary hypertension due to left‐heart disease ‐ PDE5i showed no clear difference in mortality compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

• Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.27 [0.28, 5.8]
  3 studies · 286 participants
  Moderate

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i vs placebo

Group 1 Pulmonary arterial hypertension ‐ PDE5i leads to lower mortality compared with placebo (high certainty).

• Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 0.22 [0.07, 0.68]
  8 studies · 1119 participants
  High

Group 3 Pulmonary hypertension due to lung disease ‐ PDE5i vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Mixed Pulmonary hypertension group 2 ‐ 4 ‐ PDE5i vs placebo

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Group 4 Pulmonary hypertension due to CTEPH ‐ PDE5i vs placebo

• Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 20 participants
  Low

Group 4 Pulmonary hypertension due to CTEPH ‐ PDE5i vs placebo

Group 4 Pulmonary hypertension due to CTEPH ‐ PDE5i showed no clear difference in mortality ‐ sildenafil versus bosentan compared with placebo (low certainty).

• Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors for pulmonary hypertension 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  OR 1.36 [0.22, 8.48]
  1 study · 106 participants
  Low