Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

2 questions · 2 findings · 1 reviews · Headline outcomes only

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No studies found 0 · 0%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 1 · 50%Low 1 · 50%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%

Immersion in water vs no immersion during second stage of labour

Instrumental vaginal birth · women in labour

It is very uncertain whether immersion in water changes mode of birth (instrumental vaginal birth) compared with no immersion during second stage of labour (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Immersion in water during labour and birth 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1 [0.06, 15.62]
1 study · 120 participants
Very low

Immersion in water vs no immersion during first stage of labour

Instrumental vaginal birth · women in labour

Immersion in water showed no clear difference in mode of birth (instrumental vaginal birth) compared with no immersion during first stage of labour (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Immersion in water during labour and birth 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.86 [0.7, 1.05]
6 studies · 2559 participants
Low