Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

53 questions · 54 findings · 18 reviews

No studies found 6 · 11.1%GRADE not reported 5 · 9.3%Very low 10 · 18.5%Low 13 · 24.1%Moderate 11 · 20.4%High 9 · 16.7%

Standard‐dose VKA plus single antiplatelet agent vs vitamin K antagonist (VKA)

Major bleeding · people with antiphospholipid syndrome and a history of stroke or thromboembolic events

Standard‐dose VKA plus single antiplatelet agent showed no clear difference in major bleeding compared with standard‐dose VKA (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

NOAC (rivaroxaban) vs vitamin K antagonist (VKA)

Major bleeding · people with antiphospholipid syndrome and a history of stroke or thromboembolic events

NOAC (rivaroxaban) showed no clear difference in major bleeding compared with standard‐dose VKA (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Anticoagulant drugs: VKA high dose vs vitamin K antagonist (VKA)

Major bleeding · people with antiphospholipid syndrome and a history of stroke or thromboembolic events

High‐dose VKA showed no clear difference in major bleeding compared with standard‐dose VKA (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral factor Xa inhibitors vs conventional anticoagulation

Major bleedinge · patients with a pulmonary embolism, confirmed by standard imaging techniques

Oral factor Xa inhibitors showed no clear difference in major bleedinge compared with conventional anticoagulation (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Oral direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs) vs conventional anticoagulation

Major bleedinge · patients with a pulmonary embolism, confirmed by standard imaging techniques

Oral direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs) showed no clear difference in major bleedinge compared with conventional anticoagulation (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Aspirin vs placebo

Major bleedinga · adults with hypertension (patients with atrial fibrillation, congestive heart failure, pre‐eclampsia or pulmonary hypertension were…

Aspirin leads to higher major bleedinga compared with placebo (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

NOAC (rivaroxaban) vs vitamin K antagonist (VKA)

Clinically relevant non‐major bleeding Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days · people with antiphospholipid syndrome and a history of stroke or thromboembolic events

NOAC (rivaroxaban) showed no clear difference in clinically relevant non‐major bleeding compared with standard‐dose VKA (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Standard‐dose VKA plus single antiplatelet agent vs one antiplatelet agent

Major bleeding (minor cerebral hemorrhage) · people with antiphospholipid syndrome, with previous stroke

It is very uncertain whether standard‐dose VKA plus single antiplatelet agent changes major bleeding (minor cerebral hemorrhage) compared with single antiplatelet agent (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin K antagonists vs placebo

Major bleeding · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair

Vitamin K antagonists showed no clear difference in bleeding ‐ major Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

DOAC vs placebo

Major bleeding · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair

DOAC showed no clear difference in bleeding ‐ major Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Vitamin K antagonists vs heparin

Major bleeding · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair

Vitamin K antagonists may leads to higher bleeding ‐ major Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days compared with heparin (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

DOAC vs heparin

Major bleeding · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair

DOAC showed no clear difference in bleeding ‐ major Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days compared with heparin (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Heparin vs placebo

Major bleeding · people requiring prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair

Heparin showed no clear difference in bleeding ‐ major Treatment duration 28 ‐ 42 days compared with placebo (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review