Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

4 questions · 4 findings · 1 reviews · Pregnancy and Childbirth

No studies found 0 · 0%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 1 · 25%Low 3 · 75%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%

Episiotomy · pregnant women expecting a vaginal birth, singleton vertex presentation at term, with no medical complications

Warm compresses showed no clear difference in episiotomy compared with control (hands off or no warm compress) (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Perineal techniques during the second stage of labour for reducing perineal trauma 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.86 [0.6, 1.23]
4 studies · 1799 participants
Low

Episiotomy · pregnant women expecting a vaginal birth, singleton vertex presentation at term, with no medical complications

It is very uncertain whether massage changes episiotomy compared with control (hands off or care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Perineal techniques during the second stage of labour for reducing perineal trauma 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.55 [0.29, 1.03]
7 studies · 2684 participants
Very low

Episiotomy · pregnant women expecting a vaginal birth, singleton vertex presentation at term, with no medical complications

Ritgen's manoeuvre showed no clear difference in episiotomy compared with standard care (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Perineal techniques during the second stage of labour for reducing perineal trauma 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.81 [0.63, 1.03]
2 studies · 1489 participants
Low

Episiotomy · pregnant women expecting a vaginal birth, singleton vertex presentation at term, with no medical complications

Hands off (or poised) may leads to lower episiotomy compared with hands on (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Perineal techniques during the second stage of labour for reducing perineal trauma 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.58 [0.43, 0.79]
4 studies · 7247 participants
Low