Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

4 questions · 4 findings · 1 reviews · Pregnancy and Childbirth

No studies found 1 · 25%GRADE not reported 0 · 0%Very low 2 · 50%Low 1 · 25%Moderate 0 · 0%High 0 · 0%

Epidural

1 finding from 1 review

Parenteral opioids for maternal pain management in labour 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
Very low

Epidural · women in labour

It is very uncertain whether IM pethidine changes epidural compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Parenteral opioids for maternal pain management in labour 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.5 [0.14, 1.78]
1 study · 50 participants
Very low

Additional analgesia required (epidural, pethidine and Entonox) · women in labour

IM pethidine may leads to lower additional analgesia required (epidural, pethidine and Entonox) compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Parenteral opioids for maternal pain management in labour 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.71 [0.54, 0.94]
1 study · 50 participants
Low

Maternal satisfaction with analgesia, maternal pain score or pain measured in labour, additional analgesia, epidural

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Parenteral opioids for maternal pain management in labour 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found