What do systematic reviews say?

Psychological therapies and co‐intervention vs co‐intervention alone

• Psychological therapies for the treatment of depression in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 114 participants
  Very low

Any early psychological intervention vs active control

• Multiple session early psychological interventions for the prevention of post‐traumatic stress disorder 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 409 participants
  Low

Any early psychological intervention vs inactive control (usual care care, attention control, waitlist)

• Multiple session early psychological interventions for the prevention of post‐traumatic stress disorder 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  7 studies · 1009 participants
  Low

Discontinuation with high‐intensity psychological interventions vs continuation

• Approaches for discontinuation versus continuation of long‐term antidepressant use for depressive and anxiety… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 484 participants
  Low

Discontinuation of long‐term antidepressant with minimal intervention vs usual care

• Approaches for discontinuation versus continuation of long‐term antidepressant use for depressive and anxiety… 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 106 participants
  Low

Opioid antagonists vs placebo

• Pharmacological interventions for the treatment of disordered and problem gambling 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 77 participants
  Low

Mood stabilisers vs placebo

• Pharmacological interventions for the treatment of disordered and problem gambling 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 71 participants
  Very low

Atypical antipsychotics vs placebo

• Pharmacological interventions for the treatment of disordered and problem gambling 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 21 participants
  Very low

Antidepressants vs opioid antagonists

• Pharmacological interventions for the treatment of disordered and problem gambling 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 62 participants
  Very low

Antidepressants vs mood stabilisers

• Pharmacological interventions for the treatment of disordered and problem gambling 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  2 studies · 58 participants
  Very low

Antidepressants vs placebo

• Pharmacological interventions for the treatment of disordered and problem gambling 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 90 participants
  Low

Opioid antagonists vs mood stabilisers

• Pharmacological interventions for the treatment of disordered and problem gambling 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 24 participants
  Very low

Psychological therapies vs no intervention

• Psychological therapies for the treatment of depression in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  6 studies · 764 participants
  Very low

Intervention not reported

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Debriefing interventions for the prevention of psychological trauma in women following childbirth 2015 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Tricylic antidepressant vs placebo

• Pharmacological interventions for the treatment of depression in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 30 participants
  Very low

Augmentation of current antidepressant (various) with quetiapine (150 mg/d to 300 mg/d) vs augmentation of current antidepressant (various) with placebo

• Pharmacological interventions for treatment‐resistant depression in adults 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 977 participants
  High

Switching to mianserin (60 mg/d) vs continuing on current antidepressant (fluoxetine 20 mg/d)

Switching to mianserin (60 mg/d) showed no clear difference in depressive symptoms (HAM‐D) Scale from: 0 to 54 (worse) compared with continuing on current antidepressant (fluoxetine 20 mg/d) (low certainty).

• Pharmacological interventions for treatment‐resistant depression in adults 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 71 participants
  Low

Augmentation of current antidepressant (SSRI) with busiprone (20 mg/d to 60 mg/d) vs placebo plus antidepressant

• Pharmacological interventions for treatment‐resistant depression in adults 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 102 participants
  Low

Augmentation of current antidepressant (fluoxetine 20 mg/d to 60 mg/d) with olanzapine (5 mg/d to 20 mg/d) vs augmentation of current antidepressant (fluoxetine 20 mg/d to 60 mg/d) with placebo

• Pharmacological interventions for treatment‐resistant depression in adults 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 20 participants
  Low
• Pharmacological interventions for treatment‐resistant depression in adults 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 20 participants
  Low

Augmentation of current antidepressant (fluoxetine 20 mg/d) with mianserin (60 mg/d) vs placebo plus antidepressant

• Pharmacological interventions for treatment‐resistant depression in adults 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 70 participants
  Moderate