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Evidence found and GRADE certainty

64 questions · 66 findings · 39 reviews

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No studies found 7 · 10.6%GRADE not reported 5 · 7.6%Very low 19 · 28.8%Low 20 · 30.3%Moderate 14 · 21.2%High 1 · 1.5%

Beclometasone/LABA vs LABA

Mortality (all‐cause) (dichotomous Peto method) · participants with stable stage 3 COPD, smokers and ex‐smokers with a minimum pack‐year history of 20

It is very uncertain whether beclometasone/LABA changes mortality (all‐cause) (dichotomous Peto method) compared with LABA (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Beclometasone vs placebo

Mortality (all‐cause) (dichotomous Peto method) · participants with stable stage 2 and 3 COPD (mainly FEV1 49 ± 12% predicted), ex‐smokers (majority), smokers and non‐smokers

It is very uncertain whether beclometasone changes mortality (all‐cause) (dichotomous Peto method) compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Preoperative inspiratory muscle training vs usual care, non‐exercise intervention

Mortality In the early postoperative period (≤ 30 days) · adult participants undergoing cardiac and major abdominal surgery

It is very uncertain whether preoperative inspiratory muscle training changes all‐cause mortality within 30 days during postoperative period compared with usual care, non‐exercise intervention (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review