Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

1,041 questions · 1,056 findings · 283 reviews

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No studies found 346 · 32.8%GRADE not reported 111 · 10.5%Very low 326 · 30.9%Low 195 · 18.5%Moderate 66 · 6.3%High 12 · 1.1%

Calcineurin inhibitor vs IV cyclophosphamide

Adverse events: serious infections · idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children

Calcineurin inhibitor showed no clear difference in adverse events: serious infections compared with IV cyclophosphamide (moderate certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.49 [0.16, 1.56]
1 study · 131 participants
Moderate

Oral cyclophosphamide vs prednisone or placebo

Adverse events: death (all causes) · idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children

Oral cyclophosphamide showed no clear difference in adverse events: death (all causes) compared with prednisone or placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for idiopathic steroid‐resistant nephrotic syndrome in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.07 [0.19, 5.95]
1 study · 60 participants
Low

Exposure to pulsed magnetic fields (in addition to self‐care and protective footwear) vs self‐care and footwear

Primary outcome 3: Adverse events · ulceration and other skin changes caused by nerve damage in leprosy

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for ulceration and other skin changes caused by nerve damage in leprosy 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors vs placebo

Adverse events (nausea, dizziness) · chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) with depression

1 finding from 1 review

Pharmacological interventions for the treatment of depression in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
3 studies · 171 participants
Very low

An extended antiretroviral regimen administered to mothers for 28 weeks vs 1 week of antiretroviral prophylaxis

Infants with Severe Adverse Events · HIV‐infected mothers and their breastfeeding infants

An extended antiretroviral regimen administered to mothers for 28… showed no clear difference in infants with Severe Adverse Events compared with 1 week of antiretroviral prophylaxis (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antiretroviral interventions for preventing breast milk transmission of HIV 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.11 [0.86, 8.45]
1 study · 1517 participants
Low

An extended antiretroviral regimen administered to mothers for 28 weeks vs 1 week of antiretroviral prophylaxis

Mothers with Severe Adverse Events · HIV‐infected mothers and their breastfeeding infants

An extended antiretroviral regimen administered to mothers for 28… may leads to higher mothers with Severe Adverse Events compared with 1 week of antiretroviral prophylaxis (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antiretroviral interventions for preventing breast milk transmission of HIV 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.19 [1.2, 4]
1 study · 1517 participants
Low

An extended NVP regimen administered to infants for 28 weeks vs 1 week of antiretroviral prophylaxis

Infants with Severe Adverse Events · Breastfeeding infants of HIV‐infected mothers

An extended NVP regimen administered to infants for 28 weeks showed no clear difference in infants with Severe Adverse Events compared with 1 week of antiretroviral prophylaxis (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antiretroviral interventions for preventing breast milk transmission of HIV 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.25 [0.97, 1.61]
1 study · 1520 participants
Low

A once‐daily NVP regimen administered for 6 months vs a once‐daily NVP regimen administered

Infants with Severe Adverse Events · Breastfeeding infants of HIV‐infected mothers

A once‐daily NVP regimen administered for 6 months showed no clear difference in infants with Severe Adverse Events compared with a once‐daily NVP regimen administered (high certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antiretroviral interventions for preventing breast milk transmission of HIV 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1 [0.95, 1.05]
1 study · 1519 participants
High

An extended antiretroviral regimen administered to mothers for 28 weeks vs an extended NVP regimen administered to infants

Infants with Severe Adverse Events · HIV‐infected mothers and their breastfeeding infants

An extended antiretroviral regimen administered to mothers for 28… showed no clear difference in infants with Severe Adverse Events compared with an extended NVP regimen administered to infants (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antiretroviral interventions for preventing breast milk transmission of HIV 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.89 [0.71, 1.12]
1 study · 1701 participants
Low

An extended antiretroviral regimen administered to mothers for 28 weeks vs an extended NVP regimen administered to infants

Mothers with Severe Adverse Events · HIV‐infected mothers and their breastfeeding infants

An extended antiretroviral regimen administered to mothers for 28… may leads to higher mothers with Severe Adverse Events compared with an extended NVP regimen administered to infants (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Antiretroviral interventions for preventing breast milk transmission of HIV 2014 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 2.8 [1.53, 5.11]
1 study · 1701 participants
Low

Calcineurin inhibitors ± oral steroids vs oral steroids alone

Acute kidney injury · minimal change disease in adults with nephrotic syndrome

Calcineurin inhibitors ± oral steroids showed no clear difference in adverse events: acute kidney injury compared with oral steroids alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for minimal change disease in adults with nephrotic syndrome 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.78 [0.35, 8.99]
4 studies · 270 participants
Low

Mycophenolate sodium + oral steroids vs oral steroids alone

Acute kidney injury · minimal change disease in adults with nephrotic syndrome

Mycophenolate sodium + oral steroids showed no clear difference in adverse events: acute kidney injury compared with oral steroids alone (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for minimal change disease in adults with nephrotic syndrome 2022 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.5 [0.05, 5.36]
1 study · 116 participants
Low

Percutaneous patellar osteosynthesis vs open surgery

Major adverse outcome: total events · adults with fractures of the patella

It is very uncertain whether percutaneous patellar osteosynthesis changes major adverse outcome: total events compared with open surgery (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for treating fractures of the patella in adults 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.26 [0.14, 0.46]
3 studies · 145 participants
Very low

Urtoxazumab (3.0 mg/kg) vs placebo

Adverse events ‐ treatment emergent · paediatric patients with diarrhoea due to Shiga toxin‐producing E. coli

Urtoxazumab (3.0 mg/kg) showed no clear difference in adverse events ‐ treatment emergent compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing diarrhoea‐associated haemolytic uraemic syndrome 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1 [0.84, 1.18]
1 study · 71 participants
Low

Urtoxazumab (1.0 mg/kg) vs placebo

Adverse events ‐ treatment emergent · paediatric patients with diarrhoea due to Shiga toxin‐producing E. coli

Urtoxazumab (1.0 mg/kg) showed no clear difference in adverse events ‐ treatment emergent compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing diarrhoea‐associated haemolytic uraemic syndrome 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.95 [0.79, 1.13]
1 study · 74 participants
Low

Topical treatments vs breastfeeding advice

Number of women with adverse events · postpartum breastfeeding women

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing mastitis after childbirth 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Mupirocin ointment vs fusidic acid ointment

Number of women with adverse events · postpartum breastfeeding women

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing mastitis after childbirth 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Specialist breastfeeding education vs usual care

Number of women with adverse events · postpartum breastfeeding women

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing mastitis after childbirth 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Hydrothermally processed cereal with anti‐secretory factor‐inducing properties vs standard cereal standard cereal

Number of women with adverse events · postpartum breastfeeding women

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing mastitis after childbirth 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Acupoint massage vs usual care

Number of women with adverse events · postpartum breastfeeding women

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing mastitis after childbirth 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found