Findings

What do systematic reviews say?

1,041 questions · 1,056 findings · 283 reviews

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No studies found 346 · 32.8%GRADE not reported 111 · 10.5%Very low 326 · 30.9%Low 195 · 18.5%Moderate 66 · 6.3%High 12 · 1.1%

Toothbrushing + 0.075% cetylpyridinium chloride mouthwash vs Toothbrushing alone

Adverse events · Adolescents and adults aged over 16 years with clinical or self-assessed halitosis of oral origin; excluding induced or physiological…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
mean 3 weeks
Adverse events: listed in the Summary of findings table but no data reported. No data were reported for adverse events.
0 studies
No studies found

Essential oil mouthwash vs Placebo mouthwash

Adverse events · Adolescents and adults aged over 16 years with clinical or self-assessed halitosis of oral origin; excluding induced or physiological…

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
2 weeks
Adverse events reported by Borden 2002 were not related to the interventions.
1 study · 45 participants
GRADE not reported

Triclosan/copolymer-containing fluoride toothpaste vs Sodium fluoride (control) toothpaste

Adverse events · Adolescents and adults aged over 16 years with clinical or self-assessed halitosis of oral origin; excluding induced or physiological…

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for managing halitosis 2019 · Cochrane All outcomes
mean 1 week
Adverse events: listed in the Summary of findings table but no data reported. No data were reported for adverse events.
0 studies
No studies found

Intervention not reported

Adverse events Length of · and

It is very uncertain whether the intervention changes adverse events Length of (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing falls in older people in care facilities and hospitals 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 4.84 [0.24, 98.9]
2 studies · 747 participants
Very low

Summary of findings: Additional exercise plus physiotherapy vs usual physiotherapy

Adverse events Length of · and

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing falls in older people in care facilities and hospitals 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 161 participants
Very low

Summary of findings: Bed alarms vs usual care

Adverse events Length of · and

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing falls in older people in care facilities and hospitals 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
2 studies · 27742 participants
Very low

Exercise vs usual care

Adverse events Length of · and

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing falls in older people in care facilities and hospitals 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
4 studies · 1032 participants
Very low

Medication review vs usual care

Adverse events Length of · and

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings: General medication review changes adverse events Length of compared with usual care (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing falls in older people in care facilities and hospitals 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.07 [0.23, 5.01]
1 study · 93 participants
Very low

H2 receptor antagonists vs placebo or no prophylaxis

Serious adverse events · people admitted to intensive care units

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing upper gastrointestinal bleeding in people admitted to intensive care units 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) vs placebo or no prophylaxis

Serious adverse events · people admitted to intensive care units

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing upper gastrointestinal bleeding in people admitted to intensive care units 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Antacids vs placebo or no prophylaxis

Serious adverse events · people admitted to intensive care units

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing upper gastrointestinal bleeding in people admitted to intensive care units 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Sucralfate vs placebo or no prophylaxis

Serious adverse events · people admitted to intensive care units

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing upper gastrointestinal bleeding in people admitted to intensive care units 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

H2 receptor antagonists vs proton pump inhibitors

Serious adverse events · people admitted to intensive care units

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing upper gastrointestinal bleeding in people admitted to intensive care units 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

H2 receptor antagonists vs antacids

Serious adverse events · people admitted to intensive care units

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing upper gastrointestinal bleeding in people admitted to intensive care units 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

H2 receptor antagonists vs sucralfate

Serious adverse events · people admitted to intensive care units

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing upper gastrointestinal bleeding in people admitted to intensive care units 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Antacids vs sucralfate

Serious adverse events · people admitted to intensive care units

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing upper gastrointestinal bleeding in people admitted to intensive care units 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
Studies not reported
No studies found

Idebenone vs placebo

Adverse events · boys (aged 8 to 16 years old) with subclinical cardiomyopathy in DMD

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing and treating cardiac complications in Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy and X‐linked… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 21 participants
Low

Eplerenone (25 mg daily) vs placebo

Adverse events · boys with DMD and left ventricular ejection fraction 45% or more

It is very uncertain whether eplerenone (25 mg daily) changes adverse events compared with placebo (very low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing and treating cardiac complications in Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy and X‐linked… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 0.37 [0.02, 8.48]
1 study · 42 participants
Very low

Growth hormone (0.23 mg/kg/week for DMD and 0.07 mg/kg/week in BMD SC injection) vs placebo

Adverse events · people with DMD or BMD (ages not stated)

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing and treating cardiac complications in Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy and X‐linked… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
no estimate extracted
1 study · 16 participants
Very low

Prophylactic perindopril (2 mg to 4 mg daily) vs placebo

Adverse events · boys with DMD, normal cardiac examination and LVEF > 55% at baseline

Prophylactic perindopril (2 mg to 4 mg daily) showed no clear difference in adverse events compared with placebo (low certainty).

1 finding from 1 review

Interventions for preventing and treating cardiac complications in Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy and X‐linked… 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
RR 1.16 [0.78, 1.72]
1 study · 57 participants
Low