What do systematic reviews say?

Summary of findings for resveratrol plus oral anti‐diabetic drugs vs placebo plus oral anti‐diabetic drugs

• Resveratrol for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 50 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings: insulin detemir vs insulin glargine

Summary of findings: insulin detemir showed no clear difference in serious adverse events (n/N) compared with insulin glargine (low certainty).

• (Ultra‐)long‐acting insulin analogues for people with type 1 diabetes mellitus 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.72 [0.91, 3.28]
  2 studies · 763 participants
  Low

Summary of findings: insulin detemir vs NPH insulin

Summary of findings: insulin detemir showed no clear difference in serious adverse events (n/N) compared with NPH insulin (moderate certainty).

• (Ultra‐)long‐acting insulin analogues for people with type 1 diabetes mellitus 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.95 [0.75, 1.21]
  9 studies · 3332 participants
  Moderate

Insulin glargine vs NPH insulin

Summary of findings: insulin glargine showed no clear difference in serious adverse events (n/N) compared with NPH insulin (moderate certainty).

• (Ultra‐)long‐acting insulin analogues for people with type 1 diabetes mellitus 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.08 [0.63, 1.84]
  8 studies · 2229 participants
  Moderate

Summary of findings: insulin degludec vs insulin detemir

Summary of findings: insulin degludec showed no clear difference in serious adverse events (n/N) compared with insulin detemir (low certainty).

• (Ultra‐)long‐acting insulin analogues for people with type 1 diabetes mellitus 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.25 [0.76, 2.05]
  2 studies · 802 participants
  Low

Summary of findings: insulin degludec vs insulin glargine

Summary of findings: insulin degludec showed no clear difference in serious adverse events (n/N) compared with insulin glargine (low certainty).

• (Ultra‐)long‐acting insulin analogues for people with type 1 diabetes mellitus 2021 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.92 [0.58, 1.46]
  3 studies · 970 participants
  Low

Summary of findings: pioglitazone monotherapy vs intensive behaviour‐changing intervention

• Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 103 participants
  Low

Summary of findings: pioglitazone monotherapy vs placebo

• Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  3 [0.32, 28.22]
  2 studies · 187 participants
  Very low

Summary of findings: pioglitazone monotherapy vs no intervention

Summary of findings: pioglitazone monotherapy showed no clear difference in serious adverse events (N) compared with no intervention (low certainty).

• Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.71 [0.38, 1.32]
  7 studies · 1211 participants
  Low

Summary of findings: pioglitazone monotherapy vs another pharmacological glucose‐lowering monotherapy

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Pioglitazone for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at risk… 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Summary of findings table for metformin plus intensive diet and exercise vs intensive diet and exercise

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Metformin for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in persons at increased… 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Metformin vs insulin

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Metformin vs meglitinides

• Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 112 participants
  GRADE not reported

Metformin vs thiazolidinediones

It is very uncertain whether summary of findings of metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2… changes serious adverse events (SAE) compared with thiazolidinediones (very low certainty).

• Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.95 [0.84, 1.09]
  4 studies · 3208 participants
  Very low

Metformin vs dipeptidyl‐peptidase 4 inhibitors

• Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 1977 participants
  Very low

Metformin vs glucagon like peptide‐1 analogues

• Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 807 participants
  Very low

Metformin vs sulphonylureas

• Metformin monotherapy for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus 2020 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  3 studies · 3081 participants
  Very low