What do systematic reviews say?

Potassium citrate vs no intervention

It is very uncertain whether potassium citrate changes proportion of participants with adverse events while undergoing… compared with no intervention (very low certainty).

• Medical and dietary interventions for preventing recurrent urinary stones in children 2017 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 13 [0.75, 224.53]
  1 study · 96 participants
  Very low

Transrectal thermotherapy (add‐on) vs medical treatment

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Non‐pharmacological interventions for treating chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome 2018 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found

Shock wave lithotripsy vs ureteroscopy with holmium laser or pneumatic lithotripsy

It is very uncertain whether shock wave lithotripsy changes serious adverse events or complications of treatment compared with ureteroscopy with holmium laser or pneumatic lithotripsy (very low certainty).

• Medical and surgical interventions for the treatment of urinary stones in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.56 [0.12, 2.58]
  3 studies · 153 participants
  Very low

Shock wave lithotripsy vs mini‐percutaneous nephrolithotripsy

Shock wave lithotripsy may leads to lower serious adverse events or complications of treatment compared with mini‐percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (low certainty).

• Medical and surgical interventions for the treatment of urinary stones in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.13 [0.02, 0.98]
  1 study · 212 participants
  Low

Shock wave lithotripsy vs dissolution therapy

It is very uncertain whether shock wave lithotripsy changes serious adverse events or complications of treatment compared with dissolution therapy (very low certainty).

• Medical and surgical interventions for the treatment of urinary stones in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 1.23 [0.08, 19.05]
  1 study · 87 participants
  Very low

Alpha‐blockers vs placebo with/without analgesics

• Medical and surgical interventions for the treatment of urinary stones in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 63 participants
  Very low

Slow shock wave lithotripsy vs rapid shock wave lithotripsy

• Medical and surgical interventions for the treatment of urinary stones in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  1 study · 60 participants
  Very low

Percutaneous nephrolithotripsy vs tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotripsy

It is very uncertain whether percutaneous nephrolithotripsy changes serious adverse events or complications of treatments compared with tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (very low certainty).

• Medical and surgical interventions for the treatment of urinary stones in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  RR 0.42 [0.02, 9.43]
  1 study · 23 participants
  Very low

Percutaneous nephrolithotripsy vs tubeless mini‐percutaneous nephrolithotripsy

The review found no eligible studies for this question.

• Medical and surgical interventions for the treatment of urinary stones in children 2019 · Cochrane Headline outcomes only
  no estimate extracted
  Studies not reported
  No studies found